As the pursuit of a sustainable economy intensifies, understanding how green finance development (GFD) promotes energy efficiency has become increasingly important, especially in large, regionally diverse countries like China. However, the spatial characteristics of energy efficiency and GFD remain underexplored. This study addresses this gap by employing a panel dataset consisting of 30 Chinese mainland provinces over 2008–20...

Stroke is the third leading cause of death and disability worldwide. Post-stroke spasticity (PSS) is the most common complication of stroke but represents only one of the many manifestations of upper motor neuron syndrome. As an upper motor neuron, the corticospinal tract (CST) is the only direct descending motor pathway that innervates the spinal motor neurons and is closely related to the recovery of limb function in patient...