This paper focuses on the design of a three-dimensional trajectory tracking controller for underactuated quadrotor-like autonomous underwater vehicles (QAUVs) subject to actuator saturation. A hand position method with a signum function is proposed to handle the under-actuation of QAUVs, while avoiding trajectory tracking in the opposite direction. The dynamic surface control (DSC) technique is integrated to eliminates the com...

Introduction Controlling over-tourism has emerged as a pressing concern, attracting significant recent attention. Investigating this issue through the analysis of the impacts of marine green energy investment (MGEI), fintech (FT), and tourism concentration (TC) on carbon footprint (CF) and coastal water pollution (CWP) at tourist destinations is crucial. Methods This study employs the Spatial Method of Moment Quantile Regressi...