Rationale Synthetic opioids like fentanyl are contributing to unprecedented overdose rates, yet the neural circuitry underlying fentanyl-associated behaviors remains poorly understood. The ventral tegmental area (VTA) projects to both the nucleus accumbens (NAc) and prefrontal cortex (PFC), forming distinct pathways that are implicated in drug-cue associations, though their specific roles in fentanyl-context encoding are not w...

Factors influencing cyanobacterial blooms in Lake Horowhenua, Aotearoa/New Zealand, have been deduced from over 40 yrs routine monitoring data, detailed studies and high frequency (15‐min interval) data from an in‐lake monitoring buoy. Lake Horowhenua is currently hypertrophic but flips between a winter clear‐water, macrophyte dominated phase ( Potamogeton crispus), and a turbid phytoplankton dominated phase with substantial c...

This study investigated the impact of pastoral land use and nutrient and fine sediment inputs on Microcoleus autumnalis and filamentous algae‐dominated mats, and benthic chlorophyll‐ a in streams (lower North Island, New Zealand). Surveying and sampling was undertaken monthly at 61 sites spanning a wide gradient in catchment cover and environmental conditions. Two boosted regression tree models were built. The first models inc...