The ecosystem service (ES) concept and their non-monetary socio-cultural valuation is less established for forests than for landscapes. We assessed 15 ESs including provisioning areas and flows of an urban and a rural municipal forest (Augsburg, Germany). For valuation, we used stakeholder elicitation (label: All.stakeholders ), categories of well-being ( MEA ), range of benefiting areas ( Place.of.use ) and Number.of.users an...

At two forest sites in Germany ( Pfaffenwinkel , Pustert ) stocked with mature Scots pine ( Pinus sylvestris L.), we investigated changes of topsoil chemistry during the recent 40 years by soil inventories conducted on replicated control plots of fertilization experiments, allowing a statistical analysis. Additionally, we monitored the nutritional status of both stands from 1964 until 2019 and quantified stand growth during th...