The Richardson number ( Ri ) represents the square of the ratio of buoyancy frequency to vertical shear, and a value less than ¼ has long been recognized as a necessary condition for the generation of turbulence, particularly at small scales. At larger scales, it is common to evaluate a bulk Richardson number, ( Ri B ), with arbitrary values of criticality, generally greater than ¼. Despite the ubiquity of this concept in mode...

Aim Tree crowns determine light interception, carbon and water exchange. Thus, understanding the factors causing tree crown allometry to vary at the tree and stand level matters greatly for the development of future vegetation modelling and for the calibration of remote sensing products. Nevertheless, we know little about large‐scale variation and determinants in tropical tree crown allometry. In this study, we explored the co...