M. A. Howe results 63
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A rapid national survey of terrestrial and semi-aquatic mammals using environmental DNA metabarcodingNARA Subscribed
Assessing the distribution and diversity of terrestrial and semi-aquatic mammals is fundamental for effective conservation efforts. Environmental DNA (eDNA) metabarcoding has emerged as a rapid and cost-effective method for surveying mammals. It has promising avenues for conducting national surveys and enabling comprehensive assessments of mammalian populations across diverse habitats. We collected eDNA samples from 60 water s...
Candidozyma auris (formerly Candida auris ) is an emerging pathogenic yeast associated with healthcare outbreaks worldwide. Despite increasing reports across Europe, no published data have previously described cases in Scotland. Here, we report the first detections of C. auris in Scotland, as submitted to ARHAI Scotland. Eight cases (seven colonisations, one infection) were identified to date across four NHS Scotland boards, a...
Habitat structure and landscape context influence vocalising vertebrates in oil palm plantationsNARA Subscribed
As global food demand rises with population growth, much of the expected land conversion to agriculture is projected to occur in tropical biodiversity hotspots. Balancing food production and biodiversity conservation requires managing agricultural landscapes to serve both goals. To support this, we examined how animal distribution in an oil palm plantation is influenced by landscape context and habitat structure. The study was...
Soft Range Limits Shape Sensitivity to Forest Cover More Strongly Than Hard Range LimitsNARA Subscribed
Aim Land‐use change is a major threat to biodiversity, yet there remains considerable unexplained variation in how it affects different populations of the same species. Here, we examine how sensitivity to forest cover changes depending on proximity to different limits of a species' range. By comparing responses as species approach their coastal (‘hard’) and inland (‘soft’) range limits, we aim to provide insight into the relat...
Working memory processes and the histamine-3 receptor in schizophrenia: a [11C]MK-8278 PET-fMRI studyNARA Subscribed
Rationale Working memory impairment is a prominent feature of schizophrenia which predicts clinical and functional outcomes. Preclinical data suggest histamine-3 receptor (H3R) expression in cortical pyramidal neurons may have a role in working memory, and post-mortem data has found disruptions of H3R expression in schizophrenia. Objectives We examined the role of H3R in vivo to elucidate its role on working memory impairment...
Phosphorus fertilizers are typically produced from mined and chemically processed rock phosphate, which is a diminishing non-renewable resource. Wastewater-reclaimed phosphorus minerals, such as brushite (CaHPO 4 ·2H 2 O), have the potential to be utilized as agricultural fertilizers. The commercial recovery of brushite from wastewater processing is a recent advancement; however, its efficacy as an agricultural fertilizer has...
A review of new and existing non-extractive techniques for monitoring marine protected areasOA Marine
Ocean biodiversity loss is being driven by several anthropogenic threats and significant efforts are required to halt losses and promote healthy marine ecosystems. The establishment of a network of Marine Protected Areas (MPAs) can help restrict damaging activities and have been recognised as a potential solution to aid marine conservation. When managed correctly they can deliver both ecological and socio-economic benefits. In...
Animal waste products are an important component of nutrient cycles and result in the trophic transmission of diverse microorganisms. There is growing recognition that the feces of consumers, such as predators, may impact resource species, their prey, via physical effects and/or microbial activity. We tested the effect of feces from distinct fish trophic groups on coral health and used heat-killed fecal controls to tease apart...
There is an urgent need for countries to transition their national food and land-use systems toward food and nutritional security, climate stability, and environmental integrity. How can countries satisfy their demands while jointly delivering the required transformative change to achieve global sustainability targets? Here, we present a collaborative approach developed with the FABLE—Food, Agriculture, Biodiversity, Land, and...
Brain volume in chronic ketamine users — relationship to sub-threshold psychotic symptoms and relevance to schizophreniaNARA Subscribed
Rationale Ketamine may model aspects of schizophrenia arising through NMDA receptor activity deficits. Although acute ketamine can induce effects resembling both positive and negative psychotic symptoms, chronic use may be a closer model of idiopathic psychosis. Objectives We tested the hypotheses that ketamine users had lower brain volumes, as measured using MRI, and greater sub-threshold psychotic symptoms relative to a poly...
Test–retest reliability of arterial spin labelling for cerebral blood flow in older adults with small vessel diseaseNARA Subscribed
Cerebral small vessel disease (SVD) is common in older people and is associated with lacunar stroke, white matter hyperintensities (WMH) and vascular cognitive impairment. Cerebral blood flow (CBF) is reduced in SVD, particularly within white matter. Here we quantified test–retest reliability in CBF measurements using pseudo-continuous arterial spin labelling (pCASL) in older adults with clinical and radiological evidence of S...
Characterizing the Effects of Nasal Prong Interfaces on Aerosol Deposition in a Preterm Infant Nasal ModelNARA Subscribed
The objective of this study was to characterize the effects of multiple nasal prong interface configurations on nasal depositional loss of pharmaceutical aerosols in a preterm infant nose-throat (NT) airway model. Benchmark in vitro experiments were performed in which a spray-dried powder formulation was delivered to a new preterm NT model with a positive-pressure infant air-jet dry powder inhaler using single- and dual-prong...
Prolonging survival in good health is a fundamental societal goal. However, the leading determinants of disability-free survival in healthy older people have not been well established. Data from ASPREE, a bi-national placebo-controlled trial of aspirin with 4.7 years median follow-up, was analysed. At enrolment, participants were healthy and without prior cardiovascular events, dementia or persistent physical disability. Disab...
The acute effects of cannabidiol on emotional processing and anxiety: a neurocognitive imaging studyNARA Subscribed
Rationale There is growing interest in the therapeutic potential of cannabidiol (CBD) across a range of psychiatric disorders. CBD has been found to reduce anxiety during experimentally induced stress in anxious individuals and healthy controls. However, the mechanisms underlying the putative anxiolytic effects of CBD are unknown. Objectives We sought to investigate the behavioural and neural effects of a single dose of CBD vs...
Common, low-frequency, rare, and ultra-rare coding variants contribute to COVID-19 severityNARA Subscribed
The combined impact of common and rare exonic variants in COVID-19 host genetics is currently insufficiently understood. Here, common and rare variants from whole-exome sequencing data of about 4000 SARS-CoV-2-positive individuals were used to define an interpretable machine-learning model for predicting COVID-19 severity. First, variants were converted into separate sets of Boolean features, depending on the absence or the pr...