This work may be the first of its kind to assess the effects of varying inclusion levels of garlic nanoparticles (NPsG) as feed additives on growth and physiological indices in Nile tilapia ( Oreochromis niloticus ). Garlic contains an organosulfur compound called allicin that can promote growth and strengthen the immune system by stimulating appetite and the intestinal flora, thus enhancing energy utilization. Nanotechnology...

Physiologically based kinetic (PBK) models are a cornerstone of in vitro to in vivo extrapolation and are therefore central to next-generation risk assessment (NGRA). This study assesses the performance of a generic, high-throughput PBK model for 26 organic chemicals spanning a wide range of physicochemical properties. Model predictions based on standard in silico and in vitro input parameters were benchmarked against publishe...

Immunostimulantsare essential in aquaculture because they strengthen the immune system, enhance disease resistance, and improve the health of cultured aquatic species, especially under poor water quality and stressful conditions. They also promote better growth, survival, and antibody production without harmful side effects. As a safe alternative to antibiotics, immunostimulants support sustainable aquaculture and healthier fi...