The exposure to sun radiation is indispensable to our health; however, a long-term and high exposure could lead to cell damage, erythema, premature skin aging, and promotion of skin tumors. An underlying pathomechanism is the formation of free radicals which may induce oxidative stress at elevated concentrations. Different skin models, such as porcine-, murine-, human- ex vivo skin, reconstructed human skin (RHS) and human ski...

In the northern Gulf of Alaska, mesoscale, anticyclonic eddies have been implicated as a mechanism of the cross‐shelf exchange of iron (Fe)‐replete coastal waters with Fe‐deplete subarctic Alaskan gyre waters. Based on existing hydrography and macronutrient distributions, a Sitka eddy sampled during August 2007 is divided into a surface eddy core, a shallow subsurface eddy core, and a deeper subsurface eddy core. The distribut...

Primary production in the Ross Sea, one of the most productive areas in the Southern Ocean, has previously been shown to be seasonally limited by iron. In two of three bottle incubation experiments conducted in the austral summer, significantly higher chlorophyll a (Chl a ) concentrations were measured upon the addition of iron and B 12 , relative to iron additions alone. Initial bacterial abundances were significantly lower i...

Dissolved iron (Fe) speciation in the Columbia River plume, the San Francisco Bay plume, and the Columbia River estuary was investigated using competitive ligand exchange‐adsorptive cathodic stripping voltammetry (CLE‐ACSV) with the added ligand salicylaldoxime. A stronger L 1 ‐type Fe‐binding ligand class was measured in all surface samples, and in the Columbia River estuary. A weaker L 2 ‐type ligand class was present in the...

Near‐surface seawater from the northeastern subarctic Pacific was incubated on deck for 8 d, supplemented with (1) control, no additions (2) +Zn (3) +Fe (4) +Zn+Fe. Concentrations of total Zn and Fe at time zero (t 0 ) and in the control remained at ~0.1–0.2 nmol L −1 . In the control, chlorophyll (=0.3 mg m −3 ), 14 C uptake into POC and PIC, and inorganic nutrients all remained relatively constant. Addition of Zn slightly bu...