Fundamental characteristics of the reproductive biology of female sand tiger sharks Carcharias taurus are needed to understand the periodicity, seasonality and environmental factors essential for reproduction in this iconic species. Animals in managed care, such as aquariums, provide the unique opportunity for longitudinal study in contrast to in situ sharks that are examined opportunistically, and at a single point in time. A...

Duplicated genes are important in the evolution and ecology of plant‐defences because herbivore and pathogen attack can be countered via functional diversification at two levels: among duplicated loci and within loci. We explore molecular sequence variation for two members of a defence‐related gene family, Arabidopsis thaliana trypsin inhibitors ( ATTI ), in A. thaliana and a closely related species, A. lyrata subspp. petraea...

Species closely related to model organisms present the opportunity to efficiently apply molecular and functional tools developed by a large research community to taxa with different ecological and evolutionary histories. We complied 42 microsatellite loci that amplify under common conditions in four closely related Arabidopsis : A. thaliana ; A. halleri ; A. lyrata ssp. lyrata ; and A. lyrata ssp. petraea , as well as in one m...