This study investigates how food availability aligns with nutritional requirements of the snail Lunella smaragda , a potential biological control agent for managing biofouling in recreational vessel hubs. Biofouling communities were assessed during two contrasting seasons to gain insights into the quantity and quality of food available for agent consumption. Nutritional availability was higher in spring/summer and increased wi...

The Greenshell™ mussel, Perna canaliculus , is the most lucrative aquaculture species in New Zealand; however, losses of commercial juvenile mussels (spat) are common and can drastically reduce the yield of adults. Modification of seeding density is a potential method to manage loss of spat (~ 1–20-mm shell length), by reducing biofouling and intraspecific competition. Understanding the stress responses of spat in production s...

The substantial loss of seed mussels during the early stages of longline aquaculture—often exceeding 95%—is a major issue that erodes the security and profitability of production while limiting the sustainable expansion of this industry in many parts of the world. There are many biological, environmental and procedural factors that potentially cause seed losses. The present understanding of these factors is highly limited, bas...