Calcifying bivalves account for > 80% of the total macrozoobenthic biomass in the southern Baltic Sea. Salinity declines from around 30 in the western Kattegat to 7 in the central Baltic Proper providing a natural gradient along which to investigate the impact of lowering salinity on shelled organisms. Low salinity conditions constrain biomineralisation with limited calcification substrates and periods of aragonite undersatura...

Food production is a primary process through which climate change affects human societies, yet the response of agricultural systems to past climate variability and change is poorly understood, largely because detailed data on yields is lacking before the 20 th century. To address this gap, we used crop simulation models adapted for relatively simple, low-yield farming to simulate wheat ( Triticum aestivum, Triticum durum) and...

Plants can ‘cry for help’ in response to herbivory as well as anticipate herbivory by detecting specific environmental cues before damage occurs. But can plants ‘anticipate help?’ Building on the optimal defence and information transfer models of induced plant defence, we argue they can. We find literature support for key assumptions of the ‘anticipating help’ hypothesis, which proposes plants can (1) detect cues that signal r...

Headstarting is a translocation technique involving the hatching or rearing of wild eggs or young in captivity and the release of those individuals back to the wild at or before independence. It has been trialed as a conservation intervention for shorebirds over recent decades to improve the population trend of target populations by increasing survival during the vulnerable early‐life stages. We used a population modeling appr...

Background Barriers to cervical cancer screening are significantly higher among US rural populations. To understand these barriers and explore potential remedies, we compare perceptions of screening exam techniques, pelvic exam vs. self-sampling, and how perceptions vary by participants’ beliefs, physician characteristics, and known barriers among under-screened rural people in Michigan, United States. Methods Our mixed-method...