Genetic variation contributes to intraspecific differences in the chemical defence in many insect species, yet the underlying genetic mechanisms remain poorly understood. The horseradish flea beetle, Phyllotreta armoraciae , sequesters glucosinolates from its horseradish host plant and activates them using endogenous myrosinase enzymes. Of the three known myrosinases in P. armoraciae , PaMyr1 functions primarily in adults, whe...

Summary Microbial communities ultimately control the fate of petroleum hydrocarbons (PHCs) that enter the natural environment, but the interactions of microbes with PHCs and the environment are highly complex and poorly understood. Genome‐resolved metagenomics can help unravel these complex interactions. However, the lack of a comprehensive database that integrates existing genomic/metagenomic data from oil environments with p...

Summary The temperature dependency of denitrification and anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) rates from A rctic fjord sediments was investigated in a temperature gradient block incubator for temperatures ranging from −1 to 40°C. Community structure in intact sediments and slurry incubations was determined using Illumina SSU rRNA gene sequencing. The optimal temperature ( T opt ) for denitrification was 25–27°C, whereas ana...

We report substantial tidal fluxes of dissolved black carbon (DBC) in a fire‐affected marsh in the northern Gulf of Mexico. DBC was molecularly determined as benzenepolycarboxylic acids in a tidal creek, adjacent rivers, and the coastal ocean. Supported by stable carbon isotope and in situ fluorescence measurements, three sources of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) were identified that mixed conservatively in the coastal system:...

We examined nitrogen cycling over a 1‐yr period in shallow, sandy sediments at two contrasting sites near a barrier island in the northeastern Gulf of Mexico, and we provide here the direct determination of dinitrogen gas (N 2 ) production at ambient nitrate concentrations in permeable marine sediments. Nitrogen‐stable isotope tracer techniques were used to quantify N 2 ‐production rates and pathways in sediment cores and slur...

We conducted four field campaigns to evaluate benthic O 2 consumption and the effect of advective pore‐water flow in nearshore permeable sediments in the North Sea and Baltic Sea. Advective pore‐water transport had a marked effect on the benthic exchange of O 2 and TCO 2 in benthic chamber incubations, with the rates of exchange increasing by a factor of up to 2.5 when imposing flushing rates of 100‐300 L m −2 d −1 , compared...

This contribution presents total oxygen uptake (TOU) rates and nutrient fluxes of organically poor permeable shelf sands of the German Bight. Measurements have been made in situ with the novel autonomous benthic chamber system Sandy under controlled conditions of advective pore‐water exchange. Average oxygen consumption rates of 31.3 ± 18.2 mmol m −2 d −1 measured in this study were relatively high as compared with rates repor...

This contribution introduces the benthic chamber system Sandy that was developed for studying in situ solute fluxes in permeable sandy sediments where advective pore‐water transport can dominate solute exchange across the sediment‐water interface. The Sandy system can be deployed at the seafloor, where it autonomously performs measurements of sediment‐water solute fluxes. The innovative features include an insertion mechanism...