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Although birds have been used globally as bioindicators of heavy metals, the determinants and physiological consequences of their exposure to heavy metals remain poorly understood. The American Robin ( Turdus migratorius ) is a common songbird in a variety of habitats across most of North America that could serve as an ideal sentinel of heavy metal contamination. We evaluated how robin exposure to lead (Pb) varied regionally,...
Neurons sensitive to sky compass signals in the brain of the Madeira cockroach Rhyparobia maderaeNARA Subscribed
Many insects are formidable navigators illustrated by homing behavior in bees and ants or regular seasonal migrations in butterflies, moths, and others. For spatial orientation, many insects rely on celestial cues, in particular the position of the sun or the polarization pattern of the blue sky generated by the sun. In all species studied celestial polarization is perceived by photoreceptors in a highly specialized dorsal rim...
Temperature Variability Has Limited Effects on Phenotypic Plasticity in Ectotherms—A Meta‐AnalysisNARA Subscribed
Phenotypic plasticity can lead to compensation for potentially adverse effects of variation in the thermal environment so it is important to understand the impacts of changes in mean and fluctuations in temperature on plastic responses. Here we establish the current state of knowledge of how thermal variability influences the expression of phenotypic plasticity in ectothermic animals. Our quantitative synthesis of 46 studies c...
Aim The urgency for remote, reliable and scalable biodiversity monitoring amidst mounting human pressures on ecosystems has sparked worldwide interest in Passive Acoustic Monitoring (PAM), which can track life underwater and on land. However, we lack a unified methodology to report this sampling effort and a comprehensive overview of PAM coverage to gauge its potential as a global research and monitoring tool. To address this...
Climate change is creating mismatches between species' current environments and their historical niches. Locations that once had the abiotic and biotic conditions to support the persistence of a species may now be too warm, too dry, or simply too different, to meet their niche requirements. Changes in behaviors, altered phenology, and range shifts are common responses to climate change. Though these responses are often studied...
The Effect of Temperature Variability on Biological Responses of Ectothermic Animals—A Meta‐AnalysisNARA Subscribed
Climate change is altering temperature means and variation, and both need to be considered in predictions underpinning conservation. However, there is no consensus in the literature regarding the effects of temperature fluctuations on biological functions. Fluctuations may affect biological responses because of inequalities from non‐linear responses, endocrine regulation or exposure to damaging temperatures. Here we establish...
Multiple biotic interactions establish phytoplankton community structure across environmental gradientsNARA Subscribed
The combination of taxa and size classes of phytoplankton that coexist at any location affects the structure of the marine food web and the magnitude of carbon fluxes to the deep ocean. But what controls the patterns of this community structure across environmental gradients remains unclear. Here, we focus on the North East Pacific Transition Zone, a ~ 10° region of latitude straddling warm, nutrient‐poor subtropical and cold,...
Main conclusion Lignan impregnation of the reaction zone wood protects against oxidative degradation by fungi. Traumatic resin canals may play roles in the underlying signal transduction, synthesis, and translocation of defense compounds. Abstract Tree defense against xylem pathogens involves both constitutive and induced phenylpropanoids and terpenoids. The induced defenses include compartmentalization of compromised wood wit...
Understanding the chemistry of the artificial electron acceptors PES, PMS, DCPIP and Wurster’s Blue in methanol dehydrogenase assaysNARA Subscribed
Methanol dehydrogenases (MDH) have recently taken the spotlight with the discovery that a large portion of these enzymes in nature utilize lanthanides in their active sites. The kinetic parameters of these enzymes are determined with a spectrophotometric assay first described by Anthony and Zatman 55 years ago. This artificial assay uses alkylated phenazines, such as phenazine ethosulfate (PES) or phenazine methosulfate (PMS),...
ATLANTIC BIRD TRAITS : a data set of bird morphological traits from the Atlantic forests of South AmericaNARA Subscribed
Scientists have long been trying to understand why the Neotropical region holds the highest diversity of birds on Earth. Recently, there has been increased interest in morphological variation between and within species, and in how climate, topography, and anthropogenic pressures may explain and affect phenotypic variation. Because morphological data are not always available for many species at the local or regional scale, we a...
Rice ecosystem services in South-east AsiaNARA Subscribed
Governability is an important concept in the political and environmental social sciences with increasing application to socio‐ecological systems such as fisheries. Indeed, governability analyses of fisheries and related systems such as marine‐protected areas have generated innovative ways to implement sustainability ideals. Yet, despite progress made, we argue that there remain limitations in current conceptions of governabili...