Purpose To investigate the effect of rifle carriage on performance, physiological responses, power output and external work during a simulated biathlon competition in the field. Methods Twenty well-trained biathletes (10 women) completed a simulated biathlon competition (women 3 × 1.9 km, men 3 × 2.4 km) twice, one trial while carrying the rifle (WR) and the other without rifle (NR) in a randomized counter-balanced order. Laps...

During periods of environmental change, genetic diversity in foundation species is critical for ecosystem function and resilience, but it remains overlooked in environmental monitoring. In the Baltic Sea, a key species for monitoring is the brown seaweed Fucus vesiculosus , which forms sublittoral 3D habitats providing shelter and food for fish and invertebrates. Ecological distribution models predict a significant loss of Bal...

Marine phytoplankton play essential roles in global primary production and biogeochemical cycles. Yet, the evolutionary genetic underpinnings of phytoplankton adaptation to complex marine and coastal environments, where many environmental variables fluctuate and interact, remain unclear. We combined population genomics with experimental transcriptomics to investigate the genomic basis underlying a natural evolutionary experime...

The prediction-corrected visual predictive check (pcVPC) is an informative model diagnostic that can offer advantages over the standard visual predictive check (VPC) when heterogenous study designs and adaptive dosing are used. However, a drawback with these plots is that prediction correction often results in y-axis values and trends that are unintuitive, difficult to explain, and challenging to communicate even among experts...

Motivation Freshwater ecosystems have been heavily impacted by land‐use changes, but data syntheses on these impacts are still limited. Here, we compiled a global database encompassing 241 studies with species abundance data (from multiple biological groups and geographic locations) across sites with different land‐use categories. This compilation will be useful for addressing questions regarding land‐use change and its impact...

Introduction Systemic inflammation and endothelial dysfunction are potentially modifiable factors implicated in Alzheimer’s disease (AD), which offer potential therapeutic targets to slow disease progression. Methods We investigated the relationship between baseline circulating levels of inflammatory (TNF-α, IL-1ß) and endothelial cell markers (VCAM-1, ICAM-1, E-selectin) and 18-month cognitive decline (ADAS-cog12) in 266 mild...

Mesopelagic fish are considered a possible future fisheries resource, but the biological sustainability of their potential exploitation has not yet been assessed. Sustainability should be evaluated at the population level, for which accurate stock-specific life-history parameters are required. Here, we use a length-based model to estimate life-history parameters related to growth and natural mortality, and their uncertainty, f...

Purpose The purpose of this article is (1) to investigate which medicines are prescribed and dispensed to women the first 6 months postpartum, (2) to identify medicines dispensed postpartum but not recommended during breastfeeding, and (3) to find medicines commonly dispensed postpartum, but not currently included in Janusmed Breastfeeding. Methods In this register-based cohort study covering births between January 2017 and Au...

Dietary sulfur amino acid restriction (SAAR) protects against diet-induced obesity, extends healthspan, and coincides with an overall reduction in hepatic protein synthesis. To explore the underpinnings of SAAR-induced slowed growth and its impact on liver metabolism and proteostasis, we resolved changes in hepatic mRNA and protein abundances and compared synthesis rates of individual liver proteins. To achieve this, adult mal...

Aim Dispersal and environmental gradients shape marine microbial communities, yet the relative importance of these factors across taxa with distinct sizes and dispersal capacity in different ocean layers is unknown. Here, we report a comparative analysis of surface and deep ocean microbial beta diversity and examine how these patterns are tied to oceanic distance and environmental gradients. Location Tropical and subtropical o...

Floral plantings are promoted to foster ecological intensification of agriculture through provisioning of ecosystem services. However, a comprehensive assessment of the effectiveness of different floral plantings, their characteristics and consequences for crop yield is lacking. Here we quantified the impacts of flower strips and hedgerows on pest control (18 studies) and pollination services (17 studies) in adjacent crops in...

In southern Norway, 22 acidified rivers supporting anadromous salmonids were mitigated with lime to improve water quality and restore fish populations. In 13 of these rivers, effects on Salmo trutta and Salmo salar densities were monitored over 10–12 years, grouped into age 0 and age ≥ 1 year fish. These rivers had a mean annual discharge of between 4·9 and 85·5 m 3 s −1 , and six of them were regulated for hydro‐power product...

Adaptation to local conditions is a fundamental process in evolution; however, mechanisms maintaining local adaptation despite high gene flow are still poorly understood. Marine ecosystems provide a wide array of diverse habitats that frequently promote ecological adaptation even in species characterized by strong levels of gene flow. As one example, populations of the marine fish Atlantic cod ( Gadus morhua ) are highly conne...