Pathogens present in or on seed potatoes represent a risk for farmers because they can reduce the yield or quality of subsequent potato crops. However, data on the frequency that different pathogens occur in seed lots rarely exist for diseases that do not produce overt symptoms or signs as they are often not assessed by seed certification programs. From 2016 to 2025, we surveyed seed lots entering Oregon for the presence of Sp...

This paper is a collaborative effort that originated at the International Space Science Institute Workshop on “Physical links between Weather and Climate in Space and the Lower Atmosphere” held 22–26 January 2024. Many scientists attended that workshop and contributed their expertise related to polar vortex impacts on upper atmosphere variability. This paper summarizes well-known and newly reported signatures of polar vortex w...