Employing observed gridded daily rainfall and temperature datasets for 1971–2022, we developed a revised India Climate Extremes Index ( IndCEI ) to assess long‐term variability in climate extremes across the country. The IndCEI modifies the original CEI framework by integrating seven indicators particularly relevant to the Indian climate system: maximum temperature ( T max ), minimum temperature ( T min ), consecutive dry days...

Contemporary consumption patterns are intensifying the municipal solid waste (MSW) crisis across the Global South. In urban India, encompassing both major metropolitan areas and more than 4,000 statutory towns, MSW has emerged as a major environmental and development challenge, shaped by long-standing systemic inefficiencies in waste management. In this article, we present a data-driven analysis of post-independence trends in...