M. P. Farrell results 61
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From kelp forests to turf reefs: Patterns, drivers, and impacts to functional diversityNARA Subscribed
Kelp forests are declining in many regions due to ocean warming, predator loss, and other anthropogenic stressors. In areas of rapid ocean warming, including the southern Gulf of Maine, these ecosystems have transitioned to a novel state dominated by low‐lying mats of turf algae. However, the pace, drivers, and ecological consequences of this transition remain unclear. Here, we used field surveys from 32 sites over 5 years (20...
Prolonging survival in good health is a fundamental societal goal. However, the leading determinants of disability-free survival in healthy older people have not been well established. Data from ASPREE, a bi-national placebo-controlled trial of aspirin with 4.7 years median follow-up, was analysed. At enrolment, participants were healthy and without prior cardiovascular events, dementia or persistent physical disability. Disab...
Host‐pathogen‐environment interactions predict survival outcomes of adult sockeye salmon ( Oncorhynchus nerka ) released from fisheriesNARA Subscribed
Incorporating host‐pathogen(s)‐environment axes into management and conservation planning is critical to preserving species in a warming climate. However, the role pathogens play in host stress resilience remains largely unexplored in wild animal populations. We experimentally characterized how independent and cumulative stressors (fisheries handling, high water temperature) and natural infections affected the health and longe...
Intraspecific variation in tolerance of warming in fishesNARA Subscribed
Intraspecific variation in key traits such as tolerance of warming can have profound effects on ecological and evolutionary processes, notably responses to climate change. The empirical evidence for three primary elements of intraspecific variation in tolerance of warming in fishes is reviewed. The first is purely mechanistic that tolerance varies across life stages and as fishes become mature. The limited evidence indicates s...
A Continental-Scale Validation of Ecosystem Service ModelsNARA Subscribed
The effect of acute warming and thermal acclimation on maximum heart rate of the common killifish Fundulus heteroclitusNARA Subscribed
Common killifish Fundulus heteroclitus were acclimated to ecologically relevant temperatures (5, 15 and 33°C) and their maximum heart rate ( f Hmax ) was measured at each acclimation temperature during an acute warming protocol. Acclimation to 33°C increased peak f Hmax by up to 32% and allowed the heart to beat rhythmically at a temperature 10°C higher when compared with acclimation to 5°C. Independent of acclimation temperat...
A three‐phase excess post‐exercise oxygen consumption in Atlantic salmon Salmo salar and its response to exercise trainingNARA Subscribed
The recovery of oxygen uptake to the standard metabolic rate (SMR) following exhaustive chasing exercise in Atlantic salmon Salmo salar parr occurred in three phases (rapid, plateau and slow). The initial recovery phase lasted 0·7 h and contributed 16% to the total excess post‐exercise oxygen consumption (EPOC). It was followed by a longer plateau phase that contributed 53% to the total EPOC. The slow recovery phase that compl...
A rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss strain with higher aerobic scope in normoxia also has superior tolerance of hypoxiaNARA Subscribed
This study compared parr from three strains of rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss to examine intraspecific variation in metabolic traits, hypoxia tolerance and upper thermal tolerance in this species. At the strain level, variation in absolute aerobic scope (AAS), critical oxygen level (O 2crit ), incipient lethal oxygen saturation (ILOS) and critical thermal maximum (CT max ) generally exhibited consistent differences among th...
The macroecology of infectious diseases: a new perspective on global‐scale drivers of pathogen distributions and impactsNARA Subscribed
Identifying drivers of infectious disease patterns and impacts at the broadest scales of organisation is one of the most crucial challenges for modern science, yet answers to many fundamental questions remain elusive. These include what factors commonly facilitate transmission of pathogens to novel host species, what drives variation in immune investment among host species, and more generally what drives global patterns of par...
The primary aim of this long‐term angler‐led tagging programme was to gain information about seasonal changes in distribution of the starry smooth‐hound shark Mustelus asterias , along the Dutch coast for management and conservation purposes. Between 2011 and 2014, M. asterias comprised 92·6% ( n = 2418) of the total elasmobranch catch ( n = 2612) by the licenced group of taggers within the Dutch Delta of which 2244 M. asteria...
The main findings of the current study were that exposing adult sockeye salmon Onchorhynchus nerka to a warm temperature that they regularly encounter during their river migration induced a heat shock response at an mRNA level, and this response was exacerbated with forced swimming. Similar to the heat shock response, increased immune defence‐related responses were also observed after warm temperature treatment and with a swim...