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Earth's biodiversity is central to ecosystem health and resilience, providing essential functions and services. The Red Sea is a recognised marine biodiversity hotspot with high endemism and unique environmental conditions that support extensive but poorly resolved biodiversity. Here, we applied metagenomic analyses to sediment samples collected from coastal to deep‐sea environments during the Red Sea Decade Expedition 2022 to...
While coral bleaching is a well‐known consequence of marine heatwaves, rapid coral mortality via tissue disintegration is an understudied threat; one that precludes any chance of recovery. We show that tissue disintegration can occur within hours to days of acute heat stress, marking a critical survival threshold. Micro‐scale oxygen measurements indicate rapid deoxygenation of coral tissue immediately preceding tissue disinteg...
Introduction Quantitative fatty acid signature analysis (QFASA) can provide species level diet estimates integrated over weeks to months, which are valuable for assessing health, ecological roles, and disturbance vulnerability. However, the approach has seen limited use in cetaceans. Calibration coefficients (CCs) have mainly been derived from non-cetacean mammals, best-fit QFASA model parameters are undefined, and the tempora...
Interpretable deep learning reveals spatiotemporal MRI features of brain aging that align with neurodegenerationNARA Subscribed
Cortical thinning and atrophy are hallmarks of brain aging that have been characterized using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Brain aging involves many neuroanatomic features whose effects on brain structure remain unexplored. To address this challenge, we trained interpretable deep neural networks (DNNs) to estimate brain age (BA) from T 1 -weighted ( T 1 w) MRI. By identifying MRI features unapparent to humans, DNNs can fi...
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) disproportionately affects women and carriers of the apolipoprotein E ε4 allele (APOE4), yet little is known about how sex and APOE interact to influence white matter (WM) integrity during disease progression. We integrated diffusion MRI and matched blood transcriptomic data to investigate these interactions and their underlying biological mechanisms. WM microstructure was quantified using diffusion te...
Assessing Prokaryotic Benthic Communities in the Red SeaNARA Subscribed
Marine sediments host diverse benthic prokaryotic communities that are integral to global biogeochemical cycles. However, the spatial distribution and environmental drivers of these communities, particularly in unique environments like the Red Sea, remain largely underexplored. In this study, we examine benthic prokaryotic communities sampled during the Red Sea Decade Expedition (RSDE) using 16S rRNA gene sequencing across fiv...
Oxygen Supersaturation Could Protect Reef‐Building Corals Against Acute Thermal StressNARA Subscribed
Ongoing climate change is constraining the availability of molecular oxygen (O 2 ) on coral reefs. The field has recently invested considerable resources to quantify the effects of hypoxia on corals. However, drivers of reef oxygen decline will not only expose corals to more frequent episodes of hypoxia but also limit peak daytime oxygen levels. Here, we test the theory of oxygen‐mediated thermal performance on three reef‐buil...
Predicting the progression of MCI and Alzheimer’s disease on structural brain integrity and other features with machine learningNARA Subscribed
Machine learning (ML) on structural MRI data shows high potential for classifying Alzheimer’s disease (AD) progression, but the specific contribution of brain regions, demographics, and proteinopathy remains unclear. Using Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) data, we applied an extreme gradient-boosting algorithm and SHAP (SHapley Additive exPlanations) values to classify cognitively normal (CN) older adults, th...
Pelagic particle‐associated bacterioplankton play crucial roles in marine ecosystems, influencing biogeochemical cycling and ecosystem functioning. However, their diversity, composition, and dynamics remain poorly understood, particularly in unique environments such as the Red Sea. In this study, we employed eDNA metabarcoding to comprehensively characterise bacterioplankton communities associated with pelagic particles in a t...
Defining an ageing-related pathology, disease or syndrome: International Consensus StatementNARA Subscribed
Around the world, individuals are living longer, but an increased average lifespan does not always equate to an increased health span. With advancing age, the increased prevalence of ageing-related diseases can have a significant impact on health status, functional capacity and quality of life. It is therefore vital to develop comprehensive classification and staging systems for ageing-related pathologies, diseases and syndrom...
Ocean warming reduces O 2 solubility and increases organismal O 2 demand, endangering marine life. Coastal ecosystems, however, experience O 2 supersaturation during peak daytime temperatures due to metabolic cycles. Recent discoveries show that this environmental supersaturation can reduce the vulnerability of tropical species to warming by satisfying their oxygen requirements. To test whether this also occurs within the cnid...
Climate‐related variation of metabolic rate across the distribution of a broadly tolerant invasive forest pestNARA Subscribed
Aim Metabolic rate is a widely studied physiological species trait related to energetics, climate, and geographical distributions. Hypotheses have been proposed to explain variation in metabolic rate, but evidence has been mixed due to the limited sampling scope of intraspecific studies. Successful biological invasions offer a unique opportunity to examine the development of intraspecific physiological variation and how it rel...
Evaluating the influence of nature connection and values on conservation attitudes at a tropical deforestation frontierNARA Subscribed
Inner phenomena, such as personal motivations for pursuing sustainability, may be critical levers for improving conservation outcomes. Most conservation research and policies, however, focus on external phenomena (e.g., ecological change or economic processes). We explored the factors shaping 9 conservation attitudes toward forest and wildlife protection among colonist farmers around an Amazonian deforestation frontier. Our da...
How to estimate age of old bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus); by tooth or pectoral flipper?OA Marine
Multiple techniques have been used for estimating age in bottlenose dolphins ( Tursiops truncatus ). The longest established technique is via counts of growth later groups (GLGs) in the longitudinal section of an extracted mandibular tooth. Previous studies to validate GLGs have primarily used younger dolphins (less than 16yrs old) due to the limited number of known age older animals. This study assessed the accuracy of age es...
Eutrophication-induced hypoxic sites are increasingly reported in coastal regions. At the same time, ocean warming, water column stratification, and changing circulation lead to open-ocean deoxygenation. In coastal areas and reefs with dense vegetation, aquatic organisms can be exposed to oxygen limitation stress where oxygen concentration reaches extremely low levels, particularly during nighttime once photosynthetic O 2 prod...