This study provides new insights into magma ascent based on mantle xenoliths erupted during the last explosive volcanic activity of Mt. Vulture volcano (southern Italy), combining H diffusion chronometry with fluid-mechanical models. Olivine crystals within lherzolite, wehrlite and dunite xenoliths are Mg-rich (Fo 88-90 ), with NiO contents up to 0.30 wt%. They show hydrogen loss profiles between 0.5 and 2.5 ppm, and the resul...