APOE ’s ε4 haplotype ( APOE4 ) is late onset Alzheimer’s disease’s (LOAD) strongest genetic risk factor. Therefore, accurately modeling APOE4 ’s effect is critical to understanding LOAD. This is especially important as APOE4 odds ratios (OR) vary across racial and ethnic (R/E) groups. We analyzed the APOE4 -LOAD association in 3,196 East Asian, 31,105 non-Hispanic White (White), 1,646 Hispanic and Latino (Hispanic), and 6,068...

Crown rot diseases have become increasingly important in strawberry production following the withdrawal of key pesticides due to environmental and human health concerns. The principal causal agents, Macrophomina phaseolina and Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. fragariae , can persist for extended periods in infected crown tissues and residual plant material in soil, serving as inoculum sources for subsequent crops. In some regions, cr...