M. Shaw results 368
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Combined family-based association and linkage analyses in families affected by attention-deficit hyperactivity disorderNARA Subscribed
Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is one of the most prevalent and heritable of neurodevelopmental disorders. To characterize the genetic variants contributing to this heritability, we studied families with members affected by ADHD. Genome-wide array data were obtained on two cohorts: NHGRI Family Cohort (359 nuclear families,1538 individuals) and NCR Family Cohort (25 multigenerational and 132 nuclear families,...
Crop termination with microwaves: thermo-management of residual plant material and pathogen inoculum in strawberryNARA Subscribed
Crown rot diseases have become increasingly important in strawberry production following the withdrawal of key pesticides due to environmental and human health concerns. The principal causal agents, Macrophomina phaseolina and Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. fragariae , can persist for extended periods in infected crown tissues and residual plant material in soil, serving as inoculum sources for subsequent crops. In some regions, cr...
Role of funders in embedding tests in conservation practiceNARA Subscribed
Effective conservation practice requires decisions based on reliable and relevant evidence, but significant gaps in the evidence base exist. Incorporating well‐designed tests of the effectiveness of interventions for biodiversity in conservation projects is one of the best ways to scale up the rate of evidence generation. Funders of conservation projects are uniquely positioned to support and incentivize such tests as part of...
Interpretable deep learning reveals spatiotemporal MRI features of brain aging that align with neurodegenerationNARA Subscribed
Cortical thinning and atrophy are hallmarks of brain aging that have been characterized using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Brain aging involves many neuroanatomic features whose effects on brain structure remain unexplored. To address this challenge, we trained interpretable deep neural networks (DNNs) to estimate brain age (BA) from T 1 -weighted ( T 1 w) MRI. By identifying MRI features unapparent to humans, DNNs can fi...
SNAPSHOT USA 2024: Year 6 of the Coordinated National Camera Trap Survey of the United StatesNARA Subscribed
Motivation SNAPSHOT USA is an annual, multi‐contributor camera trap survey of mammals across the United States. The growing SNAPSHOT USA dataset is intended for tracking the spatial and temporal responses of mammal populations to changes in land use, land cover and climate. These data will be useful for exploring the drivers of spatial and temporal changes in relative abundance and distribution, as well as the impacts of speci...
The new International Center for Personal Protective Equipment (ICPPE) operator exposure tool, like tools used in Europe and the United States, relies on passive dermal dosimetry exposure data to support risk assessment for the professional use of pesticides via handheld spraying equipment in regions where locally appropriate safety tools have been lacking. The objective of this study was to derive dermal absorption values for...
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) disproportionately affects women and carriers of the apolipoprotein E ε4 allele (APOE4), yet little is known about how sex and APOE interact to influence white matter (WM) integrity during disease progression. We integrated diffusion MRI and matched blood transcriptomic data to investigate these interactions and their underlying biological mechanisms. WM microstructure was quantified using diffusion te...
Inshore marine coastal zone migration patterns in Atlantic salmon post‐smolts emigrating from eight rivers in north‐east ScotlandNARA Subscribed
Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar , migrate through multiple habitat types, each having the potential to impact differently upon migration success. The inshore marine coastal zone is arguably disproportionately impacted by potential stressors on populations. We investigated the migration of Atlantic salmon post‐smolts ( n = 898) from eight rivers (populations) through the inshore marine coastal zone over a 2‐year period using acous...
The miRNomics of antiretroviral therapy-induced obesityNARA Subscribed
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is a retrovirus that incorporates its genetic material into the host’s chromosome. The resulting diseases and related conditions constitute a global health problem as there are no treatments to eliminate HIV from an infected individual. However, the potent, complex, and active antiretroviral therapy (ART) strategies have been able to successfully inhibit HIV replication in patients. Unfortuna...
Extreme Precipitation Risks in South Asia: Future Climate Change Impacts on Population and CroplandNARA Subscribed
Extreme precipitation events increasingly threaten populations and food security across South Asia. Whilst prior research has examined climate change impacts on rainfall patterns, the exposure of populations and cropland to these extremes remains understudied. This study assesses future exposure to extreme precipitation using CMIP6 projections under three Shared Socioeconomic Pathways (SSPs): SSP1‐2.6, SSP2‐4.5 and SSP5‐8.5, f...