The widespread use of the nanomaterials increases the emission of nano-pollutants into the water. Carbon nanomaterials are particularly interesting. They are characterized by relatively stable structure, which makes them able to migrate and accumulate in the environment. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the potential toxicity at the different trophic levels of four selected carbon nanostructures: graphene oxid...

Summary Iron is the most abundant redox‐active metal in the Earth's crust. The one electron transfer between the two most common redox states, Fe(II) and Fe(III), plays a role in a huge range of environmental processes from mineral formation and dissolution to contaminant remediation and global biogeochemical cycling. It has been appreciated for more than a century that microorganisms can harness the energy of this Fe redox tr...