Effective conservation practice requires decisions based on reliable and relevant evidence, but significant gaps in the evidence base exist. Incorporating well‐designed tests of the effectiveness of interventions for biodiversity in conservation projects is one of the best ways to scale up the rate of evidence generation. Funders of conservation projects are uniquely positioned to support and incentivize such tests as part of...

Aim Body size is of paramount importance to the survival of all organisms because of the intimate associations between size, physiological processes and ecology. Sexual size dimorphism (SSD: differences in size between the sexes) is a direct consequence of these ecomorphological relationships, arising due to sex‐based differences in selection on body size. Latitudinal variation in SSD—equivalent to sex‐specific manifestations...

Only one last interglacial relative sea‐level indicator point (SLIP) has been recognised for Fenland, eastern England, and the nearest penultimate interglacial SLIP is located on the north Norfolk coast. Such limited information restricts the regional input to, and hence the relevance of, global reconstructions of late Middle and Late Pleistocene sea level. Marine‐influenced deposits without such relevant data are known in Fen...

Declines in muscle strength outpace declines in muscle mass with age, so factors like muscle adiposity (i.e., myosteatosis) may contribute to strength loss. We describe intermuscular adipose tissue (IMAT) and grip strength over 18 years among middle-aged and older African Caribbean men. We hypothesized that increases in IMAT precede the loss of muscle area and strength, and that increased IMAT is independently associated with...

The motor learning theory anticipates that cerebro-cerebellar loops perform sensorimotor prediction, thereby regulating motor control during action execution (AE) and observation (AO), but the causal interaction between the cerebellum and cerebral cortex remains unclear. Therefore, our aim was to understand what triggers neuronal activity between brain areas engaged in a visuo-motor task that involves cortico-cerebellar intera...

As urban land use expands, understanding the conservation of biodiversity in urban settings becomes increasingly important. Urban areas contain a wide range of remnant natural, semi-natural and anthropogenic woodlands but the biodiversity of these woodlands is not well studied. Urban woodlands are usually constrained in size and subject to management which may not be focused on promoting biodiversity. As a habitat of critical...

Successful deployment of geological carbon storage (GCS) requires an extensive use of reservoir simulators for screening, ranking and optimization of storage sites. However, the time scales of GCS are such that no sufficient long-term data is available yet to validate the simulators against. As a consequence, there is currently no solid basis for assessing the quality with which the dynamics of large-scale GCS operations can b...

Climate change threatens the livelihoods of Sub-Saharan African farmers through increased droughts. Livestock donation programs offer a potential solution, but their effectiveness under climate stress remains unclear. This study assesses the economic viability of integrating climate-smart technologies (cowsheds and biogas plants) into these programs in Rwanda. Using a stochastic benefit–cost analysis from the beneficiary persp...