Thermophilic archaea synthesise cellular membranes composed primarily of isoprenoid glycerol dibiphytanyl glycerol tetraethers (iGDGTs). Cells can adjust the packing of their lipids by increasing cyclopentyl ring production, thereby decreasing membrane permeability and fluidity to maintain cellular function at high temperature, acidic pH, or nutrient limitation. Archaea of the class Nitrososphaeria synthesise crenarchaeol, an...

Mica-amphibole-rutile-ilmenite-diopside (MARID) xenoliths are unique examples of phlogopite-dominated mantle metasomatism hypothesized to correlate geochemically and petrologically to kimberlite and carbonate-rich olivine lamproite (formerly group II kimberlite) magmatism. Here, we investigate the linkage between MARID metasomatism and alkaline magmatism using multiple analytical techniques: in situ trace element major phase a...

Although cratons owe their longevity to thick, depleted and consequently buoyant sub-continental lithospheric mantle, their extents are commonly indicated by the known distribution of crustal rocks. However, the limits of a mapped cratonic area often do not match the seismically imaged thick sub-continental lithospheric mantle roots. New mantle xenolith petrology and geochemistry, combined with continental scale geophysical da...

Several legal acts mandate that management agencies regularly assess biological populations. For species with distinct markings, these assessments can be conducted noninvasively via capture‐recapture and photographic identification (photo‐ID), which involves processing considerable quantities of photographic data. To ease this burden, agencies increasingly rely on automated identification (ID) algorithms. Identification algori...

Decomposition of plant litter is a key ecological process in streams, whose contribution to the global carbon cycle is large relative to their extent on Earth. We examined the mechanisms underlying the temperature sensitivity (TS) of instream decomposition and forecast effects of climate warming on this process. Comparing data from 41 globally distributed sites, we assessed the TS of microbial and total decomposition using lit...

Known risk loci for endometrial cancer explain approximately one third of familial endometrial cancer. However, the association of germline copy number variants (CNVs) with endometrial cancer risk remains relatively unknown. We conducted a genome-wide analysis of rare CNVs overlapping gene regions in 4115 endometrial cancer cases and 17,818 controls to identify functionally relevant variants associated with disease. We identif...