M.D. Smith results 908
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Identification of a novel isoform of Slc26a4 by single-cell RNA-sequencing of pendrin-expressing cells in the cochleaNARA Subscribed
Pathogenic variation of SLC26A 4 gene causes both Pendred syndrome (PDS) and non-syndromic enlarged vestibular aqueduct (NSEVA/DFNB4), two autosomal recessive disorders. The former accounts for approximately 6% of human genetic hearing loss, making it the second most common form of syndromic deafness after Usher syndrome, while the latter is the most common radiological malformation associated with childhood sensorineural hear...
The impact of non-native trees on galling and herbivory in New York City across space and timeNARA Subscribed
Cities and suburbs frequently plant native and non-native trees as foundation species, with non-natives cultivated in these areas for centuries while remaining non-invasive. Although previous research has found that native trees often host more arthropods, studies have not simultaneously looked across space and time to determine the consistency of tree origin on urban arthropods. We combined varied methods across spatial and t...
Vegetation surveys provide key information for evaluating functions within and across estuaries. However, survey methods and analyses are often highly variable, site-specific, and driven by monitoring program goals and objectives, making regional comparisons that include multiple programs difficult. This study compared multiple transect- and quadrat-based vegetation monitoring methods within eight southern California estuaries...
On‐Farm Demonstration and Economic Evaluation of an IoT Sensing System for Irrigation Management in South CarolinaNARA Subscribed
Irrigation can strongly influence agricultural productivity and sustainability. While sensor‐based irrigation has the potential to improve yield, reduce input costs and enhance resource‐use efficiency, its adoption in commercial agriculture remains limited. This study evaluated and demonstrated the performance of an IoT soil water monitoring system and the effects of sensor‐based irrigation on crop yield and economic returns i...
Nutrient Enrichment Increases Grassland Biomass Sensitivity to Interannual Precipitation VariationNARA Subscribed
Primary production underpins much of ecosystem functioning and is often limited by nutrient and water availability. Ongoing global increases in nutrient inputs and interannual precipitation variability are thus likely to impact primary production, with unclear consequences for interannual variability in plant biomass. We used data from 35 grasslands in the Nutrient Network coordinated fertilization experiment to test if nutrie...
Relationship of temperature with declines and persistence of Myotis lucifugus after white‐nose syndromeNARA Subscribed
White‐nose syndrome (WNS), caused by the fungus Pseudogymnoascus destructans (Pd), ranks among the most devastating wildlife diseases in recent history and is driving severe declines in North American bats. Identifying environmental factors that influence both the severity of population crashes and the potential for population persistence is essential for effective mitigation. We used a long‐term dataset from hibernacula acros...
A rapid national survey of terrestrial and semi-aquatic mammals using environmental DNA metabarcodingNARA Subscribed
Assessing the distribution and diversity of terrestrial and semi-aquatic mammals is fundamental for effective conservation efforts. Environmental DNA (eDNA) metabarcoding has emerged as a rapid and cost-effective method for surveying mammals. It has promising avenues for conducting national surveys and enabling comprehensive assessments of mammalian populations across diverse habitats. We collected eDNA samples from 60 water s...
Role of funders in embedding tests in conservation practiceNARA Subscribed
Effective conservation practice requires decisions based on reliable and relevant evidence, but significant gaps in the evidence base exist. Incorporating well‐designed tests of the effectiveness of interventions for biodiversity in conservation projects is one of the best ways to scale up the rate of evidence generation. Funders of conservation projects are uniquely positioned to support and incentivize such tests as part of...
Regionally important developmental foraging grounds for green turtles and hawksbills in the Southwest Indian OceanNARA Subscribed
South Africa hosts a major portion (~ 75–80%) of the Southwest Indian Ocean (SWIO) loggerhead Caretta caretta and leatherback Dermochelys coriacea turtle nesting populations, supported by a beach conservation programme exceeding six decades. However, the in-water life stages of these species, and of non-nesting green turtles Chelonia mydas and hawksbills Eretmochelys imbricata which frequent adjacent neritic habitats year-roun...
Sporecasting Biogeography Across Scales: Continental Patterns and Local Constraints on Macrofungal DispersalNARA Subscribed
Understanding how aerial fungal diversity varies across space, habitat, and disturbance is key to linking local‐scale sporocarp (fruiting body) reproduction with continental‐scale biogeography. In this study, we combined passive spore trap metabarcoding with macrofungal sporocarp records from 31 plots in eight sites across North America to quantify how site, habitat, and fire history shape aerial macrofungal communities. From...
Global Analysis of Shallow Underwater Fish Observation Research: 70 Years of Progress, Persistent Geographic Biases and a Path ForwardNARA Subscribed
Marine ecosystems are increasingly threatened by overfishing, pollution, coastal development and climate change, underscoring the need for long‐term, representative information on key fish populations and habitats to inform management and policy. Underwater fish observation (UFObs) techniques, such as Underwater Visual Census (UVC), stereo‐Baited Remote Underwater Video (stereo‐BRUV) and Remotely Operated Vehicles (ROVs), play...
Interpretable deep learning reveals spatiotemporal MRI features of brain aging that align with neurodegenerationNARA Subscribed
Cortical thinning and atrophy are hallmarks of brain aging that have been characterized using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Brain aging involves many neuroanatomic features whose effects on brain structure remain unexplored. To address this challenge, we trained interpretable deep neural networks (DNNs) to estimate brain age (BA) from T 1 -weighted ( T 1 w) MRI. By identifying MRI features unapparent to humans, DNNs can fi...
This study examines the 3D attributes of submesoscale eddies identified over a 12-month period within the Western Pacific Ocean. Composite parameters of cyclonic submesoscale eddies (CSMEs) occurring within and away from the Kuroshio Current system are compared and analyzed for their surface and subsurface features, as well as the seasonality of their core properties. Within the Kuroshio Current (KC) region, CSMEs are faster,...
SNAPSHOT USA 2024: Year 6 of the Coordinated National Camera Trap Survey of the United StatesNARA Subscribed
Motivation SNAPSHOT USA is an annual, multi‐contributor camera trap survey of mammals across the United States. The growing SNAPSHOT USA dataset is intended for tracking the spatial and temporal responses of mammal populations to changes in land use, land cover and climate. These data will be useful for exploring the drivers of spatial and temporal changes in relative abundance and distribution, as well as the impacts of speci...