MARC ESTIARTE results 30
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The impact of climate warming on species diversity across scales: Lessons from experimental meta‐ecosystemsNARA Subscribed
Aim The aim was to evaluate the effects of climate warming on biodiversity across spatial scales (i.e., α‐, β‐ and γ‐diversity) and the effects of patch openness and experimental context on diversity responses. Location Global. Time period 1995–2017. Major taxa studied Fungi, invertebrates, phytoplankton, plants, seaweed, soil microbes and zooplankton. Methods We compiled data from warming experiments and conducted a meta‐anal...
Rainfall manipulation experiments as simulated by terrestrial biosphere models: Where do we stand?NARA Subscribed
Changes in rainfall amounts and patterns have been observed and are expected to continue in the near future with potentially significant ecological and societal consequences. Modelling vegetation responses to changes in rainfall is thus crucial to project water and carbon cycles in the future. In this study, we present the results of a new model‐data intercomparison project, where we tested the ability of 10 terrestrial biosph...
Understanding ecosystems of the future will require more than realistic climate change experiments – A response to Korell et al.NARA Subscribed
This article is a response to Korell et al., 26, 325–327 ; See also the Commentary on this article by Muller et al., 26, e4–e5 ; See also the response to this Letter to the Editor by Korell et al., 26, 328–329 .
TRY plant trait database – enhanced coverage and open accessNARA Subscribed
Plant traits—the morphological, anatomical, physiological, biochemical and phenological characteristics of plants—determine how plants respond to environmental factors, affect other trophic levels, and influence ecosystem properties and their benefits and detriments to people. Plant trait data thus represent the basis for a vast area of research spanning from evolutionary biology, community and functional ecology, to biodivers...
Fast attrition of springtail communities by experimental drought and richness–decomposition relationships across EuropeNARA Subscribed
Soil fauna play a fundamental role on key ecosystem functions like organic matter decomposition, although how local assemblages are responding to climate change and whether these changes may have consequences to ecosystem functioning is less clear. Previous studies have revealed that a continued environmental stress may result in poorer communities by filtering out the most sensitive species. However, these experiments have ra...
Motivation The BioTIME database contains raw data on species identities and abundances in ecological assemblages through time. These data enable users to calculate temporal trends in biodiversity within and amongst assemblages using a broad range of metrics. BioTIME is being developed as a community‐led open‐source database of biodiversity time series. Our goal is to accelerate and facilitate quantitative analysis of temporal...
Global warming and recurring drought are expected to accelerate water limitation for plant communities in semiarid Mediterranean ecosystems and produce directional shifts in structure and composition that are not easily detected, and supporting evidence is scarce. We conducted a long‐term (17 years) nocturnal‐warming (+0.6°C) and drought (−40% rainfall) experiments in an early‐successional Mediterranean shrubland to study the...
Few multiyear precipitation–reduction experiments find a shift in the productivity–precipitation relationshipNARA Subscribed
Well‐defined productivity–precipitation relationships of ecosystems are needed as benchmarks for the validation of land models used for future projections. The productivity–precipitation relationship may be studied in two ways: the spatial approach relates differences in productivity to those in precipitation among sites along a precipitation gradient (the spatial fit, with a steeper slope); the temporal approach relates inter...
Alteration of the phenology of leaf senescence and fall in winter deciduous species by climate change: effects on nutrient proficiencyNARA Subscribed
Leaf senescence in winter deciduous species signals the transition from the active to the dormant stage. The purpose of leaf senescence is the recovery of nutrients before the leaves fall. Photoperiod and temperature are the main cues controlling leaf senescence in winter deciduous species, with water stress imposing an additional influence. Photoperiod exerts a strict control on leaf senescence at latitudes where winters are...
Evidence of current impact of climate change on life: a walk from genes to the biosphereNARA Subscribed
We review the evidence of how organisms and populations are currently responding to climate change through phenotypic plasticity, genotypic evolution, changes in distribution and, in some cases, local extinction. Organisms alter their gene expression and metabolism to increase the concentrations of several antistress compounds and to change their physiology, phenology, growth and reproduction in response to climate change. Rap...
Changes in the onset of spring growth in shrubland species in response to experimental warming along a north–south gradient in EuropeNARA Subscribed
Aim To test whether the onset of spring growth in European shrublands is advanced in response to the warmer conditions projected for the next two decades by climate models, and, if there is a change, whether it differs across Europe. Location The studied sites spanned a broad north–south European gradient with average annual temperatures (8.2–15.6 °C) and precipitation (511–1427 mm). Methods ‘Bud break’ was monitored in eight...
Warming and drought alter C and N concentration, allocation and accumulation in a Mediterranean shrublandNARA Subscribed
We investigated the effects of warming and drought on C and N concentrations, nitrogen use efficiency (NUE), and C and N accumulation in different ecosystem compartments. We conducted a 6‐year (1999–2005) field experiment to simulate the climate conditions projected by IPCC models for the coming decades in a Mediterranean shrubland. We studied the two dominant species, Globularia alypum and Erica multiflora , and an N‐fixing s...
Simulated climate change provokes rapid genetic change in the Mediterranean shrub Fumana thymifoliaNARA Subscribed
Rapid climate change will impose strong directional selection pressures on natural plant populations. Climate‐linked genetic variation in natural populations indicates that an evolutionary response is possible. We investigated such a response by comparing individuals subjected to elevated drought and warming treatments with individuals establishing in an unmanipulated climate within the same population. We report that reductio...
We used a nonintrusive field experiment carried out at six sites – Wales (UK), Denmark (DK), the Netherlands (NL), Hungary (HU), Sardinia (Italy – IT), and Catalonia (Spain – SP) – along a climatic and latitudinal gradient to examine the response of plant species richness and primary productivity to warming and drought in shrubland ecosystems. The warming treatment raised the plot daily temperature by ca. 1 °C, while the droug...