Drought can impact terrestrial ecosystems concurrently but also lagged in time, that is, through legacy effects. Drought legacy effects have been identified in parameters such as tree radial growth or satellite‐based greenness. Evidence in ecosystem‐scale fluxes, for example, gross primary productivity (GPP), is emerging, but still limited to individual sites or specific regions. Based on GPP data at 76 long‐term (≥ 7 years) e...

Drought can have long‐lasting legacy effects on terrestrial ecosystems via persistent shifts in soil microbial community structure and function. Yet, the role drought intensity plays in the formation of soil‐mediated drought legacies and in determining plant and microbial responses to subsequent droughts is unknown. Here, we evaluate how soil‐mediated drought legacies shaped by the intensity of an initial drought event influen...

Northern ecosystems are warming rapidly, but the effects on soil carbon (C) dynamics are not fully understood. In particular, it is unclear whether warming effects on soil respiration (SR) –the primary source of atmospheric CO 2 from terrestrial ecosystems– persist throughout the year or vary seasonally. While both summer and cold‐season processes shape annual soil C fluxes, the long cold season, which dominates high‐latitude...

The seasonal coupling of plant and soil microbial nutrient demands is crucial for efficient ecosystem nutrient cycling and plant production, especially in strongly seasonal alpine ecosystems. Yet, how these seasonal nutrient cycling processes are modified by climate change and what the consequences are for nutrient loss and retention in alpine ecosystems remain unclear. Here, we explored how two pervasive climate change factor...

Climate warming has been suggested to impact high latitude grasslands severely, potentially causing considerable carbon (C) losses from soil. Warming can also stimulate nitrogen (N) turnover, but it is largely unclear whether and how altered N availability impacts belowground C dynamics. Even less is known about the individual and interactive effects of warming and N availability on the fate of recently photosynthesized C in s...

The ecological consequences of future droughts are difficult to predict due to a limited understanding of the nonlinear responses of plants to increasing drought intensity, which can change abruptly when critical thresholds of drought intensity are crossed. Drought responses are composed of resistance and postdrought recovery. Although it is well established that higher drought intensity increases the impact and, thus, reduces...

Climate change is expected to increase the frequency and severity of droughts. These events, which can cause significant perturbations of terrestrial ecosystems and potentially long‐term impacts on ecosystem structure and functioning after the drought has subsided are often called ‘drought legacies’. While the immediate effects of drought on ecosystems have been comparatively well characterized, our broader understanding of dr...

Rationale Compulsivity often develops during childhood and is associated with elevated glutamate levels within the frontostriatal system. This suggests that anti-glutamatergic drugs, like memantine, may be an effective treatment. Objective Our goal was to characterize the acute and chronic effect of memantine treatment on compulsive behavior and frontostriatal network structure and function in an adolescent rat model of compul...

Depolymerization of high‐molecular weight organic nitrogen (N) represents the major bottleneck of soil N cycling and yet is poorly understood compared to the subsequent inorganic N processes. Given the importance of organic N cycling and the rise of global change, we investigated the responses of soil protein depolymerization and microbial amino acid consumption to increased temperature, elevated atmospheric CO 2 , and drought...

Climate change is disproportionately impacting mountain ecosystems, leading to large reductions in winter snow cover, earlier spring snowmelt and widespread shrub expansion into alpine grasslands. Yet, the combined effects of shrub expansion and changing snow conditions on abiotic and biotic soil properties remains poorly understood. We used complementary field experiments to show that reduced snow cover and earlier snowmelt h...

Fertilisation experiments have demonstrated that nutrient availability is a key determinant of biomass production and carbon sequestration in grasslands. However, the influence of nutrients in explaining spatial variation in grassland biomass production has rarely been assessed. Using a global dataset comprising 72 sites on six continents, we investigated which of 16 soil factors that shape nutrient availability associate most...

Photosynthesis and soil respiration represent the two largest fluxes of CO 2 in terrestrial ecosystems and are tightly linked through belowground carbon (C) allocation. Drought has been suggested to impact the allocation of recently assimilated C to soil respiration; however, it is largely unknown how drought effects are altered by a future warmer climate under elevated atmospheric CO 2 (eT_eCO 2 ). In a multifactor experiment...

Life history strategies are fundamental to the ecology and evolution of organisms and are important for understanding extinction risk and responses to global change. Using global datasets and a multiple response modelling framework we show that trait‐climate interactions are associated with life history strategies for a diverse range of plant species at the global scale. Our modelling framework informs our understanding of tra...

The supply of soil respiration with recent photoassimilates is an important and fast pathway for respiratory loss of carbon (C). To date it is unknown how drought and land‐use change interactively influence the dynamics of recent C in soil‐respired CO 2 . In an in situ common‐garden experiment, we exposed soil‐vegetation monoliths from a managed and a nearby abandoned mountain grassland to an experimental drought. Based on two...

Changes in rainfall amounts and patterns have been observed and are expected to continue in the near future with potentially significant ecological and societal consequences. Modelling vegetation responses to changes in rainfall is thus crucial to project water and carbon cycles in the future. In this study, we present the results of a new model‐data intercomparison project, where we tested the ability of 10 terrestrial biosph...