Purpose To investigate the role of CYP2D6 and its pharmacogenetic variability in the association between anticholinergic burden and cognitive function in older adults. Methods We conducted a cross-sectional analysis of 872 community-dwelling adults ≥ 65 years from the ActiFE-Ulm cohort. Cognitive performance was assessed using the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE). Anticholinergic burden scores deriving from CYP2D6-metaboli...

Wild rodents are important reservoirs and vectors of various pathogens, and play a crucial role in the spread of zoonotic pathogens. The garden dormouse ( Eliomys quercinus ), an arboreal nocturnal rodent species native to Europe, has declined throughout much of its natural range in recent decades. The reason for this ongoing decline is not yet fully understood, but infectious diseases may play a role. This study aimed to revi...

Incidental catch in gillnet fisheries has a substantial conservation impact on marine diving birds. We synthesized available marine bird bycatch data from Alaska salmon gillnet fisheries to estimate standardized bycatch rates, model factors influencing bycatch rates, and estimate total bycatch. Annual marine bird bycatch rates ranged 0.001–0.099 birds per standard net, and estimated bycatch varied widely among areas and years...

Zusammenfassung In den vergangenen Jahren hat das wachsende globale Bewusstsein über die Bedeutung ethischer und nachhaltiger Praktiken in der Lieferkette zur Schaffung von Gesetzen geführt, die Unternehmen, auch in der Bergbauindustrie, dazu bringen sollen, ihre Transparenz zu erhöhen und mit gebührender Sorgfalt zu handeln. Ein Fokus liegt dabei insbesondere auf jenen Firmen, die zu den Lieferketten kritischer Rohstoffe gehö...

Gully erosion affects the landscape and human life in many ways, including the destruction of agricultural land and infrastructures, altering the hydraulic potential of soils, as well as water availability. Due to climate change, more areas are expected to be affected by gully erosion in the future, threatening especially low-income agricultural regions. In the past decades, quantitative methods have been proposed to simulate...

The 1958 Delaney amendment to the Federal Food Drug and Cosmetics Act prohibited food additives causing cancer in animals by appropriate tests. Regulators responded by adopting chronic lifetime cancer tests in rodents, soon challenged as inappropriate, for they led to very inconsistent results depending on the subjective choice of animals, test design and conduct, and interpretive assumptions. Presently, decades of discussions...