MISKA LUOTO results 67
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Synoptic atmospheric conditions drive spatio-temporal microclimatic variability in high-latitude landscapesNARA Subscribed
Microclimatic heterogeneity in high-latitude landscapes plays a key role in shaping ecosystem functioning, biodiversity and resilience to environmental change. Microclimates are shaped by topography, vegetation and synoptic atmospheric conditions. However, the translation of macroscale synoptic conditions into fine-scale temperature variability has rarely been investigated empirically. We examined summer near-surface air tempe...
Proximal microclimate: Moving beyond spatiotemporal resolution improves ecological predictionsNARA Subscribed
Aim The scale of environmental data is often defined by their extent (spatial area, temporal duration) and resolution (grain size, temporal interval). Although describing climate data scale via these terms is appropriate for most meteorological applications, for ecology and biogeography, climate data of the same spatiotemporal resolution and extent may differ in their relevance to an organism. Here, we propose that climate pro...
The relationships of plant species occupancy to niches and traits vary with spatial scaleNARA Subscribed
Aim Support for different underlying mechanisms of species occupancy is inconsistent, yet this could be related to spatial scale. Since abiotic filtering typically acts at broader scales than biotic interactions, we hypothesise that occupancy could be more driven by species' abiotic niche (i.e. tolerance and preference of abiotic conditions) at broad scales, whereas species' traits affecting competitive ability could be more i...
Microclimate research gained renewed interest over the last decade and its importance for many ecological processes is increasingly being recognized. Consequently, the call for high‐resolution microclimatic temperature grids across broad spatial extents is becoming more pressing to improve ecological models. Here, we provide a new set of open‐access bioclimatic variables for microclimate temperatures of European forests at 25...
Aim Geomorphological processes profoundly affect plant establishment and distributions, but their influence on functional traits is insufficiently understood. Here, we unveil trait–geomorphology relationships in Arctic plant communities. Location High‐Arctic Svalbard, low‐Arctic Greenland and sub‐Arctic Fennoscandia. Time period 2011–2018. Major taxa studied Vascular plants. Methods We collected field‐quantified data on vegeta...
Distance decay 2.0 – A global synthesis of taxonomic and functional turnover in ecological communitiesNARA Subscribed
Aim Understanding the variation in community composition and species abundances (i.e., β‐diversity) is at the heart of community ecology. A common approach to examine β‐diversity is to evaluate directional variation in community composition by measuring the decay in the similarity among pairs of communities along spatial or environmental distance. We provide the first global synthesis of taxonomic and functional distance decay...
Global maps of soil temperatureNARA Subscribed
Research in global change ecology relies heavily on global climatic grids derived from estimates of air temperature in open areas at around 2 m above the ground. These climatic grids do not reflect conditions below vegetation canopies and near the ground surface, where critical ecosystem functions occur and most terrestrial species reside. Here, we provide global maps of soil temperature and bioclimatic variables at a 1‐km 2 r...
Ecological research heavily relies on coarse‐gridded climate data based on standardized temperature measurements recorded at 2 m height in open landscapes. However, many organisms experience environmental conditions that differ substantially from those captured by these macroclimatic (i.e. free air) temperature grids. In forests, the tree canopy functions as a thermal insulator and buffers sub‐canopy microclimatic conditions,...
In the tundra, woody plants are dispersing towards higher latitudes and altitudes due to increasingly favourable climatic conditions. The coverage and height of woody plants are increasing, which may influence the soils of the tundra ecosystem. Here, we use structural equation modelling to analyse 171 study plots and to examine if the coverage and height of woody plants affect the growing-season topsoil moisture and temperatur...
Statistical upscaling of ecosystem CO 2 fluxes across the terrestrial tundra and boreal domain: Regional patterns and uncertaintiesNARA Subscribed
The regional variability in tundra and boreal carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) fluxes can be high, complicating efforts to quantify sink‐source patterns across the entire region. Statistical models are increasingly used to predict (i.e., upscale) CO 2 fluxes across large spatial domains, but the reliability of different modeling techniques, each with different specifications and assumptions, has not been assessed in detail. Here, we com...
Snow information is required in subcontinental scale predictions of mountain plant distributionsNARA Subscribed
Aim To examine how snow cover and permafrost affect plant species distributions at a subcontinental extent. Location Mountain realm of Fennoscandia, northern Europe. Time period Species data from 1 January 1990–25 February 2019. Major taxa studied Arctic‐alpine and boreal vascular plants. Methods We examined the effect of snow persistence and permafrost occurrence on the distributions of arctic‐alpine and boreal plant species...
Forest microclimates and climate change: Importance, drivers and future research agendaNARA Subscribed
Forest microclimates contrast strongly with the climate outside forests. To fully understand and better predict how forests' biodiversity and functions relate to climate and climate change, microclimates need to be integrated into ecological research. Despite the potentially broad impact of microclimates on the response of forest ecosystems to global change, our understanding of how microclimates within and below tree canopies...
The effect of summer drought on the predictability of local extinctions in a butterfly metapopulationNARA Subscribed
The ecological impacts of extreme climatic events on population dynamics and community composition are profound and predominantly negative. Using extensive data of an ecological model system, we tested whether predictions from ecological models remain robust when environmental conditions are outside the bounds of observation. We observed a 10‐fold demographic decline of the Glanville fritillary butterfly ( Melitaea cinxia ) me...
SoilTemp: A global database of near‐surface temperatureNARA Subscribed
Current analyses and predictions of spatially explicit patterns and processes in ecology most often rely on climate data interpolated from standardized weather stations. This interpolated climate data represents long‐term average thermal conditions at coarse spatial resolutions only. Hence, many climate‐forcing factors that operate at fine spatiotemporal resolutions are overlooked. This is particularly important in relation to...
Snow is an important control of plant community functional composition in oroarctic tundraNARA Subscribed
The functional composition of plant communities is a critical modulator of climate change impacts on ecosystems, but it is not a simple function of regional climate. In the Arctic tundra, where climate change is proceeding the most rapidly, communities have not shifted their trait composition as predicted by spatial temperature–trait relationships. Important causal pathways are thus missing from models of trait composition cha...
Motivation The Tundra Trait Team (TTT) database includes field‐based measurements of key traits related to plant form and function at multiple sites across the tundra biome. This dataset can be used to address theoretical questions about plant strategy and trade‐offs, trait–environment relationships and environmental filtering, and trait variation across spatial scales, to validate satellite data, and to inform Earth system mo...
Unravelling direct and indirect effects of hierarchical factors driving microbial stream communitiesNARA Subscribed
Aim The diversity and distributions of organisms are jointly influenced by local environment and large‐scale variables, such as land cover patterns, dispersal processes and climate. However, the drivers of microbial diversity are complex and the pathways of these drivers’ effects are to date largely unresolved, especially in freshwaters. We disentangled the causal direct and indirect effects of climate, land cover and water ch...
Climate is a crucial driver of the distributions and activity of multiple biotic and abiotic processes, and thus high‐quality and high–resolution climate data are often prerequisite in various environmental research. However, contemporary gridded climate products suffer critical problems mainly related to sub‐optimal pixel size and lack of local topography‐driven temperature heterogeneity. Here, by integrating meteorological s...
Aim Biotic interactions have a central role in defining species assemblages, realized both through negative and positive impacts. However, forecasts of how these interactions affect biodiversity across landscapes are challenging (and lacking) because the outcome of interactions depends not only on the identity of the interacting species but also on local environmental conditions. Thus, we study how biotic interactions manifest...