Daphnephila gall midges (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) inhabiting subtropical evergreen forests in Taiwan exhibit complex temporal diversification in their life histories. We conducted a 7-year field study (2004–2011) tracking four leaf-galling Daphnephila species on 105 Machilus thunbergii trees in northern Taiwan, integrating host phenology, gall development, adult emergence, and parasitism. The host tree displays bimodal bud flus...