Warming and elevated CO 2 (eCO 2 ) are two potentially opposing climate‐carbon (C) feedback mechanisms that modulate the magnitude of the land C sink, with warming decreasing and eCO 2 increasing C sequestration. However, their net effect on soil organic C (SOC)—the largest terrestrial C stock—remains uncertain. Here, we quantify how warming, eCO 2 , and their interactions influence SOC by using 5558 paired observations from 1...

Cereals are the key staple foods supporting a growing population under global change. Soil biodiversity sustains ecosystem multifunctionality (EMF) that underpins food production and soil agroecosystem services. Yet, the capacity of soil biodiversity to support EMF in cereal fields under multiple global change factors (GCFs) remains virtually unknown. Here, we conducted a field mesocosm experiment involving wheat, four levels...

Aims The latitudinal diversity gradient (LDG), a foundational pattern describing increasing biodiversity towards the Equator, has been extensively documented for aboveground organisms. However, whether this pattern holds for belowground biodiversity, the largest component of Earth's biodiversity remains unclear. Location Globe. Time Period Present. Major Taxa Studies Soil Archaea, Bacteria, Fungi, Protists, and Invertebrates....

Black fungi are often described as ubiquitous specialists of harsh environments (extremotolerant), yet how their ecological lifestyles vary across environmental gradients remains poorly understood. Here, we use a global soil dataset based on ITS PacBio sequencing to characterize over 51,000 black fungal phylotypes across major functional groups and ascomycete lineages, including Chaetothyriales and Capnodiales. We find that th...

Background Urban greenspaces have the potential to mitigate urban carbon footprints by storing soil organic carbon (SOC). Different management and plant communities associated with different types of urban greenspaces may hold contrasting SOC, as well as different proportions of particulate (POC) and mineral-associated organic carbon (MAOC). In addition, management could outweigh the effects of climate or soil properties as dr...

Anthropogenic phosphorus (P) inputs are rapidly altering terrestrial P cycling through plant – soil – microbial interactions; however, global patterns and underlying mechanisms driving these changes remain poorly understood. By performing a global meta‐analysis of 1315 observations from 176 studies across diverse natural terrestrial ecosystems, we found that P addition increased P concentrations in foliage, stems, roots, and l...

Black fungi are among the most stress‐resistant organisms known, yet the genetic and ecological foundations of their extraordinary resilience remain poorly understood. This study explores the adaptation strategies of the melanised fungus Elasticomyces elasticus by integrating genomic and ecological data. To uncover the mechanisms of adaptation, we combined whole‐genome sequencing, functional annotation, environmental metadata,...

Background and aim The global-scale abandonment of rural areas is resulting in a mosaic of disturbed ecosystems dominated by ruderal vegetation. Yet, the impacts of climate change on the functioning of ruderal ecosystems remain virtually unknown. Methods We conducted a 4-year field experiment to evaluate, for the first time, the long-term impacts of warming and rainfall reduction on the capacity of a ruderal Mediterranean ecos...

Background and aims The plant microbiome is considered as an extended part of the plant genome, and it provides key functions in regulating plant fitness, and stress tolerance. Plants and associated microbiomes have co-evolved over millennia, yet evidence for a strong influence of plant phylogeny on their microbiomes is largely lacking. Our aim was to assess relative contributions of soil microbial diversity, host phylogenetic...