Sleep poses constraints, such as increased vulnerability to predators, that can lead to differences in the use of habitat components across the diel cycle. However, very few studies have systematically evaluated site use of animals across both active and sleep phases. We quantified site use during the active and sleep phases in 412 individuals of eight species (six genera) of agamid lizards, from four habitat types (arboreal,...

Humans interact with wild animals through lethal and non‐lethal activities. While theory predicts that these interactions should alter animal behaviour, the relative magnitude of impact is not well understood. We conducted a systematic review and meta‐analysis of the past 30 years of research, focusing on changes in foraging, vigilance and movement behaviours in wild animals. We found that lethal human activities (e.g., huntin...

Animals within social groups respond to costs and benefits of sociality by adjusting the proportion of time they spend in close proximity to other individuals in the group (cohesion). Variation in cohesion between individuals, in turn, shapes important group‐level processes such as subgroup formation and fission–fusion dynamics. Although critical to animal sociality, a comprehensive understanding of the factors influencing coh...

Aim Latitudinal gradients in life‐history traits are apparent in many taxa and are expected to be strong for ectotherms that have temperature‐driven constraints on performance and fitness. The strength of these gradients, however, should also be affected by diet. Because diet type (carnivory, omnivory, herbivory) influences accessibility to nutrition and assimilation efficiency, we aim to study how diet affects latitudinal gra...

Accurately quantifying species’ area requirements is a prerequisite for effective area‐based conservation. This typically involves collecting tracking data on species of interest and then conducting home‐range analyses. Problematically, autocorrelation in tracking data can result in space needs being severely underestimated. Based on the previous work, we hypothesized the magnitude of underestimation varies with body mass, a r...

Most ecosystems have multiple predator species that not only compete for shared prey, but also pose direct threats to each other. These intraguild interactions are key drivers of carnivore community structure, with ecosystem‐wide cascading effects. Yet, behavioral mechanisms for coexistence of multiple carnivore species remain poorly understood. The challenges of studying large, free‐ranging carnivores have resulted in mainly...

Sport hunting is often proposed as a tool to support the conservation of large carnivores. However, it is challenging to provide tangible economic benefits from this activity as an incentive for local people to conserve carnivores. We assessed economic gains from sport hunting and poaching of leopards (Panthera pardus), costs of leopard depredation of livestock, and attitudes of people toward leopards in Niassa National Reserv...