Purpose Life cycle assessment (LCA) is widely used to evaluate the carbon footprint (CFP) of milk production. Soil organic carbon (SOC) stock is a key component impacting agricultural greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. However, a standardized methodology for integrating SOC stock changes into agricultural LCAs is still debate. This study integrated SOC balance into LCA of the CFP of milk production at farm level based on data fro...

Purpose Beef and dairy production systems produce several by-products, such as fertilizers, bioenergy, hides, and pet foods, among which the environmental impacts arising from production should be allocated. The choice of allocation method therefore inevitably affects the results of life cycle assessment (LCA) for milk and beef. The aims of this study were to map out the different allocation methods used in dairy and beef LCA...