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Review of Nano-clay Polymer Composites for Controlled Nitrogen Release: Prospects and LimitationsNARA Subscribed
This review paper discusses the potential and limitations of polymer composites for smart nitrogen (N) supply to meet the needs of agricultural crops. Unlike most conventional fertilizers, nano-clay polymer composites (NCPCs) offer a slow-release mechanism that enhances nitrogen use efficiency and reduces its loss to the environment. NCPCs are normally synthesized using solution blending, melt blending and in situ polymerizati...
Aotearoa New Zealand’s marine carbon cycle in a changing climate – Current understanding and future directionsNARA Subscribed
The marine system plays a critical role in the global climate cycle, as a major control of atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO 2 ). Marine primary production (photosynthesis) and remineralisation of organic carbon (respiration, degradation) determine the amount of CO 2 sequestered in marine sediments and deep‐water environments on century to millennial timescales. The stocks and fluxes of the marine carbon cycle are susceptible to...
Prolonging survival in good health is a fundamental societal goal. However, the leading determinants of disability-free survival in healthy older people have not been well established. Data from ASPREE, a bi-national placebo-controlled trial of aspirin with 4.7 years median follow-up, was analysed. At enrolment, participants were healthy and without prior cardiovascular events, dementia or persistent physical disability. Disab...
Wet deposition of nitrogen (N) occurs in oxidized (nitrate) and reduced (ammonium) forms. Whether one form drives vegetation change more than the other is widely debated, as field evidence has been lacking. We are manipulating N form in wet deposition to an ombrotrophic bog, Whim (Scottish Borders), and here report nine years of results. Ammonium and nitrate were provided in rainwater spray as NH 4 Cl or NaNO 3 at 8, 24 or 56...
Although the effects of atmospheric nitrogen deposition on species composition are relatively well known, the roles of the different forms of nitrogen, in particular gaseous ammonia ( NH 3 ), have not been tested in the field. Since 2002, we have manipulated the form of N deposition to an ombrotrophic bog, W him, on deep peat in southern S cotland, with low ambient N (wet + dry = 8 kg N ha −1 yr −1 ) and S (4 kg S ha −1 yr −1...
Dissolved carbon leaching from soil is a crucial component of the net ecosystem carbon balanceNARA Subscribed
Estimates of carbon leaching losses from different land use systems are few and their contribution to the net ecosystem carbon balance is uncertain. We investigated leaching of dissolved organic carbon (DOC), dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC), and dissolved methane (CH 4 ), at forests, grasslands, and croplands across Europe. Biogenic contributions to DIC were estimated by means of its δ 13 C signature. Leaching of biogenic DIC...
Uncertainties in the relationship between atmospheric nitrogen deposition and forest carbon sequestrationNARA Subscribed
In a recent study, Magnani et al. report how atmospheric nitrogen deposition drives stand‐lifetime net ecosystem productivity (NEP av ) for midlatitude forests, with an extremely high C to N response (725 kg C kg −1 wet‐deposited N for their European sites). We present here a re‐analysis of these data, which suggests a much smaller C : N response for total N inputs. Accounting for dry, as well as wet N deposition reduces the C...
Links between climate and recruitment of New Zealand hoki (Macruronus novaezelandiae) now unclearNARA Subscribed
We investigated the relationship between climate variation and year‐class strengths for hoki ( Macruronus novaezelandiae ) in New Zealand waters. Our analyses extended those of a previous study, by using an additional 6 years’ data and considering some additional predictands (total year‐class strength and proportion migrating) relating to an alternative stock‐structure hypothesis, and also updated them, by using revised versio...