Cold surges entering the Gulf of Mexico (GoM) generate northerly winds (Norte events), preceded by warm southerly winds (Surada events). These events were characterised in the Eastern Bay of Campeche (EBC) using ERA5 reanalysis data for 2002–2024. Both Norte and Surada events exhibited distinct intensity and predominant direction patterns in the EBC, compared with the broader GoM. Therefore, the separate identification of both...

Biotic interactions are expected to influence species' responses to global changes, but they are rarely considered across broad spatial extents. Abiotic factors are thought to operate at larger spatial scales, while biotic factors, such as species interactions, are considered more important at local scales within communities, in part because of the knowledge gap on species interactions at large spatial scales (i.e., the Eltoni...

Identifying the environmental drivers of variation in fitness‐related traits is a central objective in ecology and evolutionary biology. Temporal fluctuations of these environmental drivers are often synchronized at large spatial scales. Yet, whether synchronous environmental conditions can generate spatial synchrony in fitness‐related trait values (i.e., correlated temporal trait fluctuations across populations) is poorly und...