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Introduction Precise population monitoring of beluga whales ( Delphinapterus leucas ) is crucial for Arctic conservation management; yet, the manual annotation of aerial drone imagery is costly and logistically challenging. Calf detection is particularly important because calf presence and survival rates are indicators of reproductive health, recruitment success, and long-term population viability. However, calves are challeng...
Targeted Analysis of Chondrocyte Central Metabolites in Response to Cyclical Compression and Shear DeformationsNARA Subscribed
Osteoarthritis results in deterioration of articular cartilage, the soft tissue covering articulating surfaces of bones in joints like the knee and hip. Cyclical mechanical stimulation of articular cartilage results in synthesis of cartilage matrix, suggesting that therapeutic mechanical stimulation might be beneficial for cartilage repair in osteoarthritis. Prior studies identify ion channels and cytoskeletal molecules as com...
Interpretable deep learning reveals spatiotemporal MRI features of brain aging that align with neurodegenerationNARA Subscribed
Cortical thinning and atrophy are hallmarks of brain aging that have been characterized using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Brain aging involves many neuroanatomic features whose effects on brain structure remain unexplored. To address this challenge, we trained interpretable deep neural networks (DNNs) to estimate brain age (BA) from T 1 -weighted ( T 1 w) MRI. By identifying MRI features unapparent to humans, DNNs can fi...
Wetlands are an important part of the Ramsar Convention (RC) and Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework (KM-GBF), which is a significant agreement committing 196 countries (the United States is not a participant of KM-GBF) to a reduction and halting of the loss of biodiversity by 2030. In comparison to the broadly focused KM-GBF, goals of RC (172 contracting parties) are wetlands-focused such as “wise use” and protecti...
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) disproportionately affects women and carriers of the apolipoprotein E ε4 allele (APOE4), yet little is known about how sex and APOE interact to influence white matter (WM) integrity during disease progression. We integrated diffusion MRI and matched blood transcriptomic data to investigate these interactions and their underlying biological mechanisms. WM microstructure was quantified using diffusion te...
Marine megafauna species are affected by a wide range of anthropogenic threats. To evaluate the risk of such threats, species’ vulnerability to each threat must first be determined. We build on the existing threats classification scheme and ranking system of the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List of Threatened Species by assessing the vulnerability of 256 marine megafauna species to 23 at‐sea threat...
In late June 2021, multiple days of record‐breaking heat caused an unprecedented amount of foliage death in the forests of the Pacific Northwest, USA. Portions of tree canopies with healthy green foliage prior to the heat changed to red or orange shortly after the event. The change in foliage color could be readily seen in satellite imagery and was corroborated as foliar death (heat scorch) by aerial surveys and extensive obse...