Markus Reichstein results 41
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Impacts of Precipitation Variability on Carbon Flux Dynamics of Global Semi‐Arid SavannasNARA Subscribed
With global warming, precipitation variability is increasing, affecting water availability and consequently ecosystem functioning and carbon uptake. Semi‐arid ecosystems are very sensitive to changes in water availability since both gross primary productivity (GPP) and ecosystem respiration (R eco ) are strongly linked to it, contributing most to the interannual variability and trend of the global land carbon sink. However, th...
Non‐Abrupt Vegetation Changes due to Altered Nutrient Balance Make Complex Scale‐Dependent Warming and Cooling EffectsNARA Subscribed
Land‐atmosphere exchanges are mediated by biophysical properties (e.g., albedo change, evaporative cooling) and biogeochemical cycle (e.g., CO 2 fluxes), with both processes exerting global feedback as radiative forcing (). While most research on concentrated on the impact of abrupt vegetation changes, this study investigates the effects on non‐abrupt changes due to altered nutrient levels (i.e., nitrogen [] and phosphorus []...
Global change ecology demands predictive models that reconcile data‐driven learning with mechanistic theory to address complex, interconnected ecosystem challenges. Traditional process‐based approaches struggle with spatiotemporal parameterization, while purely data‐driven machine learning approaches suffer from extrapolation, interpretability, and physical consistency. Knowledge‐guided machine learning (KGML) bridges this div...
Trait space and compactness: A new perspective on explaining variations in primary productivityNARA Subscribed
A fundamental question in ecology is why plant communities have large trait space yet strong coordination among those traits across large scales, despite these patterns seeming contradictory. Answering this question requires quantitatively linking the geographic distribution of trait space and coordination with gross primary productivity (GPP). We leveraged an unprecedented large‐scale dataset of nine leaf traits for 5718 spec...
Widespread but Divergent Drought Legacy Effects on Gross Primary Productivity Across BiomesNARA Subscribed
Drought can impact terrestrial ecosystems concurrently but also lagged in time, that is, through legacy effects. Drought legacy effects have been identified in parameters such as tree radial growth or satellite‐based greenness. Evidence in ecosystem‐scale fluxes, for example, gross primary productivity (GPP), is emerging, but still limited to individual sites or specific regions. Based on GPP data at 76 long‐term (≥ 7 years) e...
Insights Into Water Vapor Uptake by Dry Soils Using a Global Eddy Covariance Observation NetworkNARA Subscribed
The exchange of water vapor between soil and atmosphere is a key component of land–atmosphere interactions, especially under dry conditions. Soil water vapor adsorption (SVA) occurs when the atmospheric water vapor pressure is greater than the soil air vapor pressure, which triggers the transport of water vapor from the atmosphere to the soil and its retention on the soil particle surface in liquid form. This process is largel...
Disentangling Effects of Vegetation Structure and Physiology on Land–Atmosphere CouplingNARA Subscribed
Terrestrial vegetation is a key component of the Earth system, regulating the exchange of carbon, water, and energy between land and atmosphere. Vegetation affects soil moisture dynamics by absorbing and transpiring soil water, thus modulating land–atmosphere interactions. Moreover, changes in vegetation structure (e.g., leaf area index) and physiology (e.g., stomatal regulation), due to climate change and forest management, a...
Nitrogen availability and summer drought, but not N:P imbalance, drive carbon use efficiency of a Mediterranean tree‐grass ecosystemNARA Subscribed
All ecosystems contain both sources and sinks for atmospheric carbon (C). A change in their balance of net and gross ecosystem carbon uptake, ecosystem‐scale carbon use efficiency (CUE ECO ), is a change in their ability to buffer climate change. However, anthropogenic nitrogen (N) deposition is increasing N availability, potentially shifting terrestrial ecosystem stoichiometry towards phosphorus (P) limitation. Depending on h...
Emergence of the physiological effects of elevated CO 2 on land–atmosphere exchange of carbon and waterNARA Subscribed
Elevated atmospheric CO 2 (eCO 2 ) influences the carbon assimilation rate and stomatal conductance of plants, thereby affecting the global cycles of carbon and water. Yet, the detection of these physiological effects of eCO 2 in observational data remains challenging, because natural variations and confounding factors (e.g., warming) can overshadow the eCO 2 effects in observational data of real‐world ecosystems. In this stud...
The CONterminous United States (CONUS) presents a large range of climate conditions and biomes where terrestrial primary productivity and its inter‐annual variability are controlled regionally by rainfall and/or temperature. Here, the response of ecosystem productivity to those climate variables was investigated across different biomes from 2010 to 2018 using three climate datasets of precipitation, air temperature or drought...
Ecosystem transpiration and evaporation: Insights from three water flux partitioning methods across FLUXNET sitesNARA Subscribed
We apply and compare three widely applicable methods for estimating ecosystem transpiration ( T ) from eddy covariance (EC) data across 251 FLUXNET sites globally. All three methods are based on the coupled water and carbon relationship, but they differ in assumptions and parameterizations. Intercomparison of the three daily T estimates shows high correlation among methods ( R between .89 and .94), but a spread in magnitudes o...
Partitioning net carbon dioxide fluxes into photosynthesis and respiration using neural networksNARA Subscribed
The eddy covariance (EC) technique is used to measure the net ecosystem exchange (NEE) of CO 2 between ecosystems and the atmosphere, offering a unique opportunity to study ecosystem responses to climate change. NEE is the difference between the total CO 2 release due to all respiration processes (RECO), and the gross carbon uptake by photosynthesis (GPP). These two gross CO 2 fluxes are derived from EC measurements by applyin...
Nutrients and water availability constrain the seasonality of vegetation activity in a Mediterranean ecosystemNARA Subscribed
Anthropogenic nitrogen (N) deposition and resulting differences in ecosystem N and phosphorus (P) ratios are expected to impact photosynthetic capacity, that is, maximum gross primary productivity (GPP max ). However, the interplay between N and P availability with other critical resources on seasonal dynamics of ecosystem productivity remains largely unknown. In a Mediterranean tree–grass ecosystem, we established three lands...
Accounting for multiple testing in the analysis of spatio-temporal environmental dataNARA Subscribed
The statistical analysis of environmental data from remote sensing and Earth system simulations often entails the analysis of gridded spatio-temporal data, with a hypothesis test being performed for each grid cell. When the whole image or a set of grid cells are analyzed for a global effect, the problem of multiple testing arises. When no global effect is present, we expect $$ \alpha $$ α % of all grid cells to be false positi...
TRY plant trait database – enhanced coverage and open accessNARA Subscribed
Plant traits—the morphological, anatomical, physiological, biochemical and phenological characteristics of plants—determine how plants respond to environmental factors, affect other trophic levels, and influence ecosystem properties and their benefits and detriments to people. Plant trait data thus represent the basis for a vast area of research spanning from evolutionary biology, community and functional ecology, to biodivers...
Effects of mesophyll conductance on vegetation responses to elevated CO 2 concentrations in a land surface modelNARA Subscribed
Mesophyll conductance ( g m ) is known to affect plant photosynthesis. However, g m is rarely explicitly considered in land surface models (LSMs), with the consequence that its role in ecosystem and large‐scale carbon and water fluxes is poorly understood. In particular, the different magnitudes of g m across plant functional types (PFTs) are expected to cause spatially divergent vegetation responses to elevated CO 2 concentra...
Towards physiologically meaningful water‐use efficiency estimates from eddy covariance dataNARA Subscribed
Intrinsic water‐use efficiency ( iWUE ) characterizes the physiological control on the simultaneous exchange of water and carbon dioxide in terrestrial ecosystems. Knowledge of iWUE is commonly gained from leaf‐level gas exchange measurements, which are inevitably restricted in their spatial and temporal coverage. Flux measurements based on the eddy covariance ( EC ) technique can overcome these limitations, as they provide co...
BHPMF – a hierarchical B ayesian approach to gap‐filling and trait prediction for macroecology and functional biogeographyNARA Subscribed
Aim Functional traits of organisms are key to understanding and predicting biodiversity and ecological change, which motivates continuous collection of traits and their integration into global databases. Such trait matrices are inherently sparse, severely limiting their usefulness for further analyses. On the other hand, traits are characterized by the phylogenetic trait signal, trait–trait correlations and environmental const...
Codominant water control on global interannual variability and trends in land surface phenology and greennessNARA Subscribed
Identifying the relative importance of climatic and other environmental controls on the interannual variability and trends in global land surface phenology and greenness is challenging. Firstly, quantifications of land surface phenology and greenness dynamics are impaired by differences between satellite data sets and phenology detection methods. Secondly, dynamic global vegetation models ( DGVM s) that can be used to diagnose...