Fishes are the dominant vertebrates in the ocean, yet we know little of their contribution to carbon export flux at regional to global scales. We synthesize the existing information on fish‐based carbon flux in coastal and pelagic waters, identify gaps and challenges in measuring this flux and approaches to address them, and recommend research priorities. Based on our synthesis of passive (fecal pellet sinking) and active (mig...

Aim Separation of regeneration niches may promote coexistence among closely related plant species, but there is little evidence that regeneration traits affect species ranges at broad geographical scales. We address patterns of co‐occurrence within the genus Selaginella , an ancient lineage of free‐sporing, heterosporous, vascular plants. Specifically, we ask whether differences between species in spore size are associated wit...

Diel vertical migration (DVM) has been hypothesized to actively transport organic material out of the euphotic layer, thus forming a novel part of the “biological pump.” However, quantifying DVM is made difficult by observational limitations. Conventionally, the difference between night and day biomass from net trawls in the surface has been assumed to be a consequence of species that have migrated up from their deep daytime d...