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Fusarium contamination in malting barley poses a constant threat of mycotoxin exposure in brewing. However, the chemical transformations of trichothecenes toxins during processing and the broader impact of fungal contamination on beer quality are insufficiently understood. In this study, we inoculated barley grains with Fusarium culmorum to track the behavior of deoxynivalenol (DON) and its conjugates, deoxynivalenol-3-glucosi...
Marine megafauna species are affected by a wide range of anthropogenic threats. To evaluate the risk of such threats, species’ vulnerability to each threat must first be determined. We build on the existing threats classification scheme and ranking system of the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List of Threatened Species by assessing the vulnerability of 256 marine megafauna species to 23 at‐sea threat...
Alzheimer’s disease (AD), a complex neurodegenerative disorder characterised by progressive cognitive decline, affects millions globally. With no current cure, treatment focuses on symptom management and slowing disease progression. Early identification is therefore crucial. Fecal microRNA (miRNA) analysis is emerging as a promising non-invasive diagnostic tool. Evidence suggests that miRNAs present in fecal samples may regula...
The deportment of silver in Kupferschiefer ores at the Spremberg-Graustein-Schleife deposit, GermanyNARA Subscribed
The high-grade stratabound copper ores of the Central European Kupferschiefer are one of the world’s most important sources of silver. Despite its economic significance, the mineralogical partitioning of silver within the Kupferschiefer ores is generally not well understood, other than the fact that silver minerals are not sufficiently abundant to account for the bulk of the silver content. This study provides the first fully...
The Toxicology Investigators Consortium 2024 Annual ReportNARA Subscribed
Daphnia are well known for their ability to protect themselves against various predators by developing inducible morphological, behavioural and life history defences. The influence of body size as a life history trait on behavioural defences has rarely been investigated, although it may be a decisive trait for the evolution of defensive strategies. Therefore, we investigated the behavioural reaction of the relatively small spe...
Boron excess in Alternanthera tenella Colla under in vitro conditions: tolerance and potential for supplementation in plantsNARA Subscribed
Boron (B) plays a crucial role in plant physiological processes, and imbalances in its supply can markedly affect plant morphophysiology. This study evaluated the effects of a B concentration gradient on the growth and morphophysiological responses of Alternanthera tenella under in vitro conditions. Stem segments were cultured on media supplemented with different B concentrations (0, 125, 250, 500, 750, 1000, and 2000 µM) for...
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disease characterised by neuropathological hallmarks, including extracellular amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles. The disease is clinically defined by cognitive dysfunction, including learning, memory deficits, and behavioural changes. With the rising global prevalence of AD, early diagnosis is critical for implementing effective interventions before irreversible neurona...
Fish predation cues induce drifting and emergence in an experimental stream mesocosm systemNARA Subscribed
Predator–prey interactions are important drivers of adaptation in aquatic communities, shaping the behavior of invertebrates with cascading effects on community dynamics. Behavioral responses, such as moving with the downstream current (drift) or altering the timing of emergence, are strategies that reduce the risk of predator encounters. These prey responses have been extensively studied over the last decades. However, much o...
Rapid Global Deforestation Leaves Forest‐Dependent Raptors With Half of Their Suitable Habitat RemainingNARA Subscribed
Raptors—a group that includes hawks, eagles, owls, and vultures—are among the most imperiled vertebrates, with over half of species declining and one‐fifth threatened with extinction. Most raptors depend on forests for survival, yet the extent and consequences of recent deforestation within their ranges remain poorly understood. We analyzed high‐resolution global data on forest change between 2001 and 2023 within the ranges of...
Global Homogenisation of Plant Communities Along Mountain Roads by Non‐Native Species Despite Mixed Effects at Smaller ScalesNARA Subscribed
Aim Mountain ecosystems are experiencing increased invasion of non‐native plants. These increases in non‐native species put mountains at risk of biotic homogenisation and a reduction of biodiversity. Our study aims to test if non‐native plant species are contributing to biotic homogenisation along roadways in mountain regions and how this changes along elevation gradients and across spatial scales. Location 18 globally distrib...
Disturbances in human position sense during alterations in gravity: a parabolic flight experimentNARA Subscribed
Under conditions of weightlessness human position sense appears to deteriorate. This was tested, employing three methods of measurement: two-arm matching, one-arm pointing and one-arm repositioning, carried out during parabolic flight. In hypergravity (1.8G), position sense errors in a matching task increased significantly from the value during horizontal flight (1G) of + 2.5° (± 3.8° SD), to + 3.5° (± 3.3°). For pointing, err...
Heresy in ENSO teleconnections: atmospheric rivers as disruptors of canonical seasonal precipitation anomalies in the Southwestern USNARA Subscribed
In spite of forecasts for anomalous dryness based on the canonical La Niña signal, Water Years 2011, 2017, and 2023 brought copious precipitation to California and the Southwestern United States (SWUS). Although El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) is the main source of seasonal precipitation predictability for the region, outstanding Atmospheric River (AR) activity produced the unexpected regional wetness in each of these here...
Nutrients and polyphenols-rich Sorghum bicolor genotypes as complementary therapy for Alzheimer’s diseaseNARA Subscribed
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder and most common cause of dementia among older people. The main pathological hallmarks of AD are formation of insoluble amyloid beta senile plaques and paired helical filaments of neurofibrillary tangles. AD features gradual memory decline, mild to severe cognitive impairment, eventually total dependence of patients on caregivers. Currently available drugs hav...
Digital Twins of the Ocean (DTO) are a rapidly emerging topic that has attracted significant interest from scientists in recent years. The initiative, strongly driven by the EU, aims to create a digital replica of the ocean to better understand and manage marine environments. The Iliad project, funded under the EU Green Deal call, is developing a framework to support multiple interoperable DTO using a federated systems-of-syst...
This systematic review examines the prevalence, underlying mechanisms, cohort characteristics, evaluation criteria, and cohort types in white matter hyperintensity (WMH) pipeline and implementation literature spanning the last two decades. Following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) guidelines, we categorized WMH segmentation tools based on their methodologies from January 1, 2000, to...
The London Volcanic Ash Advisory Centre (VAAC) provides forecasts on the expected presence of volcanic ash in the atmosphere to mitigate the risk to aviation. It is fundamentally important that operational capability is regularly tested through exercises, to guarantee an effective response to an event. We have developed exercises which practise the pull-through of scientific advice into the London VAAC, the forecast evaluation...