Climate change has significant effects on freshwater ecosystems, including lakes, influencing key water quality indicators such as water temperature and dissolved oxygen concentrations (DO). This study uses a 3D hydrodynamic model (AEM3D) coupled with a simple biogeochemical module (iWQ) alongside observations to examine historical changes in Lake Taupō, a deep, oligotrophic lake and the largest freshwater lake in Australasia....

Mixing processes in Lake Taupō are driven largely by wind stress that can generate barotropic (surface) and baroclinic (internal) waves. During a 2002 study, a baroclinic wave in the southern basin of Lake Taupō had a setup amplitude greater than 45 m, resulting in upwelling at the southern end of the lake following strong west/southwest winds. Vessel‐mounted acoustic Doppler current profiler data showed that this setup wave w...