Chamber-housed substations are a common substation type, essential for voltage regulation, load balancing, and fault isolation to ensure power supply grid stability and reliability. As typically ground-based structures, chamber-housed substations are vulnerable to damage from flooding. In the case of chambers constructed from plain masonry, these may be susceptible to structural damage from forces generated by flood flows. Alt...

The growing concerns over mitigating climate change effects resulted in power system planning and generation expansion strategies that aim in increasing penetration of intermittent renewable energy sources (RES) to fulfill the national energy and climate plans (NECPs) of countries worldwide. However, the variable and intermittent nature of RES output, compounded by uncertainties arising from climatic and weather changes, poses...