Aim Pleistocene climatic oscillations induced range fluctuations in African rain forest organisms and may have shaped species diversification through allopatric speciation events. We compared the spatial genetic structure of two forest species that live in obligate symbiosis and thus must have experienced the same range fluctuations, as a means to discriminate incipient speciation from transient differentiation simply resultin...

Summary In the M editerranean region, patches of vegetation recovering from disturbance and transiently dominated by shrubs produce one of the world's most prized fungi, the black truffle ( T uber melanosporum ). In these successional plant communities, we have fragmentary knowledge of the distribution of T . melanosporum in space among ectomycorrhizal ( ECM ) host species and in time. Molecular identification of hosts (Restri...