Yersinopine, a nicotianamine-like metallophore, was recently identified through biochemical analyses, but its in vivo production and functional role remain uncharacterized. In Yersinia pseudotuberculosis and its recent descendant Yersinia pestis , the cnt operon ( cntPQRLMI ) putatively encodes the biosynthesis and transport of yersinopine. In Y. pestis , however, two frameshift mutations disrupt cntQ , which encodes the predi...

The deployment of plant varieties carrying resistance genes ( R ) exerts strong selection pressure on pathogen populations. Rapidly evolving avirulence genes ( Avr ) allow pathogens to escape R ‐mediated plant immunity through a variety of mechanisms, leading to virulence. The poplar rust fungus Melampsora larici ‐ populina is a damaging pathogen of poplars in Europe. It underwent a major adaptive event in 1994, with the break...

The choice of ecological monitoring methods and descriptors determines the effectiveness of a program designed to assess the state of coral reef ecosystems. Here, we comparer the relative performance of the traditional Line Intercept Transect (LIT) method with three methods derived from underwater photogrammetry: LIT on orthomosaics, photoquadrats from orthomosaics, and surface analyses on orthomosaics. The data were acquired...

To decipher the long‐term influences of pre‐Columbian land occupations on contemporary forest structure, diversity, and functioning in Amazonia, most of the previous research focused on the alluvial plains of the major rivers of the Amazon basin. Terra firme, that is, nonflooded forests, particularly from the Guiana Shield, are yet to be explored. In this study, we aim to give new insights into the subtle traces of pre‐Columbi...