The deployment of plant varieties carrying resistance genes ( R ) exerts strong selection pressure on pathogen populations. Rapidly evolving avirulence genes ( Avr ) allow pathogens to escape R ‐mediated plant immunity through a variety of mechanisms, leading to virulence. The poplar rust fungus Melampsora larici ‐ populina is a damaging pathogen of poplars in Europe. It underwent a major adaptive event in 1994, with the break...

To decipher the long‐term influences of pre‐Columbian land occupations on contemporary forest structure, diversity, and functioning in Amazonia, most of the previous research focused on the alluvial plains of the major rivers of the Amazon basin. Terra firme, that is, nonflooded forests, particularly from the Guiana Shield, are yet to be explored. In this study, we aim to give new insights into the subtle traces of pre‐Columbi...