Recent observations of tree regeneration failures following large and severe disturbances, particularly under warm and dry conditions, have raised concerns about the resilience of forest ecosystems and their recovery dynamics in the face of climate change. We investigated the recovery of temperate forests in Europe after large and severe disturbance events (i.e., resulting in more than 70% canopy loss in patches larger than 1...

Pinus nigra has a scattered but widespread distribution across Mediterranean mountain regions, where it has often been planted to restore degraded sites, yet few studies have examined the dynamics of natural P. nigra stands. Old-growth P. nigra stands often occur on precipitous, rugged locations in the Southeastern Alps and Dinaric Mountain range, providing unique opportunities to study their natural dynamics and disturbance h...