There is a lack of clear consensus on the use of ‘substitution’ within attributional life cycle assessment (ALCA). A number of academic articles have previously argued that substitution is not consistent with ALCA, but a more recent article by Provost-Savard and Majeau-Bettez in the Journal of Industrial Ecology argues that it can be coherently used. In reply, this article contends that in order to resolve methodological dispu...

Purpose Market-based GHG accounting allows companies to report their emissions based on the purchase of emission attributes. This practice is widespread for reporting ‘scope 2’ electricity emissions and has recently been proposed for both ‘scope 1’ (direct) and ‘scope 3’ (other value chain) emission sources. However, the market-based method has been criticised for undermining the accuracy of GHG disclosures, and it is therefor...

Although the link between agriculture and diffuse water pollution has been understood for decades, there is still a need to implement effective measures to address this issue. In countries with light-touch regulation, such as New Zealand and Australia, most efforts to promote environmental management practices have relied on voluntary initiatives such as participatory research and extension programmes; the success of which is...