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Wildfires are often a natural part of many European ecosystems, but human activities through land use, other socio‐economic factors and climate change have significantly changed how fires behave. Anthropogenic climate change is already intensifying fire‐prone weather and increasing wildfire risk across Europe with risk expected to grow sharply in coming decades. Past experience suggests that human action, such as fuel manageme...
Spring ecosystems in arid regions often serve as crucial biodiversity hotspots by providing some of the only reliable sources of surface water. However, anthropogenic activities and climate change have severely degraded spring ecosystems worldwide, emphasizing the need for large‐scale multidisciplinary studies informing conservation efforts. Here, we analyzed characteristics of 1121 widely dispersed springs within the Great Ba...
The Toxicology Investigators Consortium 2024 Annual ReportNARA Subscribed
The Toxicology Investigators Consortium 2023 Annual ReportNARA Subscribed
Are novel or locally adapted pathogens more devastating and why? Resolving opposing hypothesesNARA Subscribed
There is a rich literature highlighting that pathogens are generally better adapted to infect local than novel hosts, and a separate seemingly contradictory literature indicating that novel pathogens pose the greatest threat to biodiversity and public health. Here, using Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis , the fungus associated with worldwide amphibian declines, we test the hypothesis that there is enough variance in “novel” (qua...
Attaining an equitable Blue Economy requires reconsidering historical extractive usages of natural ocean capital in favor of more sustainable activities. Scuba diving is an expanding industry, and several examples illustrate how the diving sector has assisted with transitions to sustainable economic activities. In certain countries diving tourism generates revenues comparable with fishing industries, yet the sector remains und...
Global biome patterns of the Middle and Late PleistoceneNARA Subscribed
Our primary aim was to assess the hypothesis that distinctive features of the patterns of vegetation change during successive Quaternary glacial–interglacial cycles reflect climatic differences arising from forcing differences. We addressed this hypothesis using 207 half‐degree resolution global biome pattern simulations, for time slices between 800 and 2 ka, made using the LPJ‐GUESS dynamic global vegetation model. Simulation...
Movement drives population dynamics of one of the most mobile ungulates on E arth: Insights from a mechanistic modelNARA Subscribed
Long‐distance movements are hypothesized to positively influence population size and stability of mobile species. We tested this hypothesis with a novel modeling approach in which moving herbivores interact with the environment created by a dynamic global vegetation model using highly mobile Mongolian gazelles in the eastern Mongolian grasslands as a case study. Gazelle population dynamics were modeled from 1901 to 2018 under...
Land use has greatly transformed Earth's surface. While spatial reconstructions of how the extent of land cover and land‐use types have changed during the last century are available, much less information exists about changes in land‐use intensity. In particular, global reconstructions that consistently cover land‐use intensity across land‐use types and ecosystems are missing. We, therefore, lack understanding of how changes i...
Projected climatic changes lead to biome changes in areas of previously constant biomeNARA Subscribed
Aim Recent studies in southern Africa identified past biome stability as an important predictor of biodiversity. We aimed to assess the extent to which past biome stability predicts present global biodiversity patterns, and the extent to which projected climatic changes may lead to eventual biome changes in areas with constant past biome. Location Global. Taxon Spermatophyta; terrestrial vertebrates. Methods Biome constancy wa...
Beyond ecosystem modeling: A roadmap to community cyberinfrastructure for ecological data‐model integrationNARA Subscribed
In an era of rapid global change, our ability to understand and predict Earth's natural systems is lagging behind our ability to monitor and measure changes in the biosphere. Bottlenecks to informing models with observations have reduced our capacity to fully exploit the growing volume and variety of available data. Here, we take a critical look at the information infrastructure that connects ecosystem modeling and measurement...
Global vegetation patterns of the past 140,000 yearsNARA Subscribed
Aim Insight into global biome responses to climatic and other environmental changes is essential to address key questions about past and future impacts of such changes. By simulating global biome patterns 140 ka to present, we aimed to address important questions about biome changes during this interval. Location Global. Taxon Spermatophyta. Methods Using the LPJ‐GUESS dynamic global vegetation model, we made 89 simulations dr...
Global ecosystems and fire: Multi‐model assessment of fire‐induced tree‐cover and carbon storage reductionNARA Subscribed
In this study, we use simulations from seven global vegetation models to provide the first multi‐model estimate of fire impacts on global tree cover and the carbon cycle under current climate and anthropogenic land use conditions, averaged for the years 2001–2012. Fire globally reduces the tree covered area and vegetation carbon storage by 10%. Regionally, the effects are much stronger, up to 20% for certain latitudinal bands,...