Background The hereditary cerebellar ataxias are a clinically and genetically heterogeneous group of disorders characterized by progressive cerebellar degeneration leading to incoordination of gait, speech, limb, and eye movements. Hundreds of genes encoding diverse proteins underlie this family of degenerative disorders that may exhibit autosomal dominant, recessive, mitochondrial, or X-linked inheritance. Variations in clini...

Introduction Biomass allocation between aboveground and belowground pools in salt marshes has distinct effects on salt marsh stability, and is influenced by climate warming and reproductive investment. However, the lack of studies on the effect of latitudinal variations in reproductive investments and biomass allocation in salt marshes makes it difficult to explore mechanisms of marsh plant growth to climate warming across geo...

Coastal upwelling currents such as the California Current System (CCS) comprise some of the most productive biological systems on the planet. Diatoms dominate these upwelling events in part due to their rapid response to nutrient entrainment. In this region, they may also be limited by the micronutrient iron (Fe), an important trace element primarily involved in photosynthesis and nitrogen assimilation. The mechanisms behind h...

Aim Squamate fitness is affected by body temperature, which in turn is influenced by environmental temperatures and, in many species, by exposure to solar radiation. The biophysical drivers of body temperature have been widely studied, but we lack an integrative synthesis of actual body temperatures experienced in the field, and their relationships to environmental temperatures, across phylogeny, behaviour and climate. Locatio...