Biotherapeutics are subject to inherent heterogeneity due to the complex biomanufacturing processes. Numerous analytical techniques have been employed to identify, characterize, and monitor critical quality attributes (CQAs) to ensure product safety, and efficacy. Mass spectrometry (MS)-based multi-attribute method (MAM) has become increasingly popular in biopharmaceutical industry due to its potential to replace multiple trad...

Summary Genome sequencing of F usarium oxysporum revealed that pathogenic forms of this fungus harbour supernumerary chromosomes with a wide variety of genes, many of which likely encode traits required for pathogenicity or niche specialization. Specific transcription factor gene families are expanded on these chromosomes including the EBR1 family ( E nhanced B ranching). The significance of the EBR1 family expansion on supern...