Eastern boundary upwelling currents are some of the most biologically productive and diverse regions in the world's oceans. Driven by equatorward winds and Ekman transport, surface waters are transported offshore and replaced by cold, nutrient‐rich deep waters that seed extensive phytoplankton blooms. Studying phytoplankton community succession and physiological acclimation during the initial stages of upwelling is critical to...

Coastal upwelling currents such as the California Current System (CCS) comprise some of the most productive biological systems on the planet. Diatoms dominate these upwelling events in part due to their rapid response to nutrient entrainment. In this region, they may also be limited by the micronutrient iron (Fe), an important trace element primarily involved in photosynthesis and nitrogen assimilation. The mechanisms behind h...

Objectives Intervention studies using New Zealand green-lipped or greenshell™ mussel (GSM) ( Perna canaliculus ) extract in osteoarthritis (OA) patients have shown effective pain relief. This systematic review summarises the efficacy of GSM extracts in the treatment of OA. Methods A literature search of the three databases EMBASE, MEDLINE, and Scopus was performed to identify relevant articles published up to March 2020. Inclu...

Summary There is increasing interest in the heritable bacteria of invertebrate vectors of disease as they present novel targets for control initiatives. Previous studies on biting midges ( Culicoides spp .) , known to transmit several RNA viruses of veterinary importance, have revealed infections with the endosymbiotic bacteria, Wolbachia and Cardinium . However, rickettsial symbionts in these vectors are underexplored. Here,...

Summary Many plant‐associated fungi host endosymbiotic endobacteria with reduced genomes. While endobacteria play important roles in these tri‐partite plant–fungal–endobacterial systems, the active physiology of fungal endobacteria has not been characterized extensively by systems biology approaches. Here, we use integrated proteomics and metabolomics to characterize the relationship between the endobacterium Mycoavidus sp. an...

To test the possibility that the development of mycorrhizas in seedlings may be limited under shaded conditions, arbuscular mycorrhizal colonisation was measured in gap and understorey seedlings from mixed podocarp/angiosperm forests in North Okarito, south Westland, and Blue Duck Scientific Reserve, Marlborough, New Zealand. Mean percentage colonisation of seedlings of podocarp and angiosperm tree species ranged from 66 to 97...